Abstract
Perfluorochemicals provide a biologically inert system for oxygen transport to tissue. The purpose of the present study was to determine if a simple clean-up procedure could reverse the endocrine toxicity of a commercially produced perfluorochemical emulsion, Oxypherol-E.T. The clean-up procedure consisted of a combined resin and dialysis treatment. The endocrine toxicity of the untreated and treated perfluorochemical emulsions was tested by determining their effect on testosterone secretion by rat testes perfused in vitro. Rat testes perfused with untreated Oxypherol-E.T. secreted low amounts of testosterone. However, the treated Oxypherol-E.T. was an effective and nontoxic oxygen carrier for testes perfused in vitro. The results are significant because they suggest that the endocrine toxicity of Oxypherol-E.T. is caused by toxic contaminants and not the perfluorochemicals. Additional experiments revealed that the fluoride ion may be the primary toxic contaminant of Oxypherol-E.T. The data support the efficacy of perfluorochemicals as oxygen carriers for rat testes perfused in vitro.
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Effects of Fluoride on Surface Structure of Primary Culture Leydig Cells in Mouse.
Fluoride (F) is known to induce reproduction toxicity, and the elucidation of its underlying mechanisms is an ongoing research. These findings aim to provide deeper insights into roles of soduim fluoride (NaF) in testis damage, which could contribute to a better understanding of fluoride-induced male reproductive toxicity. The Leydig cells
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Sodium fluoride induced toxicity in testes of Swiss albino mice and its reversal by ascorbic acid and calcium
Fluorosis, which was considered to be a problem related to teeth and bone only, has now turned up to be a serious health hazard. The aim of this study is to see the effect of fluoride on the reproductive system and to see the role if any of Ascorbic acid
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Testing the potential of sodium fluoride to affect spermatogenesis: a morphometric study
This study provides quantitative information on the effect of sodium fluoride (NaF) on the testes of F1 generation male rats exposed in utero and during lactation to NaF at one of four concentrations (25, 100, 175, 250 ppm). At weaning, the F1 generation males were exposed to NaF in their
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Effects of fluoride on expression of P450, CREM and ACT proteins in rat testes
Fluoride (F) is an essential trace element that humans and animals ingest from water, air, and fluoride-containing products; however, excessive fluoride absorption can damage a variety of organs and tissues, including the male reproductive system. Our previous studies found that fluoride exposure lowered sperm quality and interfered with spermatogenesis; however,
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Effects of fluoride ingestion on the physiology of reproductive organs of male rat
Oral administration of sodium fluoride (NaF) (5 and 10 mg/kg body weight/day) for 30 days to adult male rats, brought about a reduction in body weight especially by high dose (10 mg/kg body weight). In fluorotic rats, testicular cholesterol and serum testosterone levels were not affected. However, succinate dehydrogenase activity
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Fluoride's Effect on Male Reproductive System -- The "Sprando/Collins" Anomaly
In contrast to the findings of over 60 animal studies from other research teams, a series of studies by FDA researchers Sprando & Collins reported virtually no evidence of reproductive toxicity among animals treated with very high levels of fluoride exposure. The reasons for this discrepancy remains unclear. Excerpts from Sprando/Collins' Studies: "This study
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Fluoride's Effect on Male Reproductive System - Human Studies
Consistent with in vitro and animal research, studies of human populations have reported associations between fluoride exposure and damage to the male reproductive system. Most notably, a scientist at the Food & Drug Administration reported in 1994 that populations in the United States with more than 3 ppm fluoride in their water had lower "total fertility rates" than populations with lower fluoride levels.
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Fluoride's Effect on Male Reproductive System: Animal Studies
Over 60 studies on animals (including rats, mice, roosters, and rabbits) have found that fluoride adversely impacts the male reproductive system. These studies have repeatedly found the following effects: (1) decreases in testosterone levels; (2) reduced sperm motility; (3) altered sperm morphology; (4) reduced sperm quantity; (5) increased oxidative stress; (6) and reduced capacity to breed.
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Fluoride's Effect on the Male Reproductive System -- In Vitro Studies
Carefully controlled in vitro studies have found that direct exposure of fluoride to the testes or semen inhibits testosterone production and damages sperm. While researchers have known since the 1930s that mega concentrations of fluoride can completely (but reversibly) immobilize sperm, it was not until the 1970s and 1980s that researchers found that relatively modest concentrations of fluoride could cause damage prior to complete immobilization.
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