Abstract
Fluoride (F) is an essential trace element that humans and animals ingest from water, air, and fluoride-containing products; however, excessive fluoride absorption can damage a variety of organs and tissues, including the male reproductive system. Our previous studies found that fluoride exposure lowered sperm quality and interfered with spermatogenesis; however, the exact mechanism remained unclear. Proteins cytochrome P450 (P450), cAMP-responsive element modulator (CREM), and activator of CREM in testis (ACT) play the key roles in spermatogenesis and sperm motility. To investigate whether fluoride affects the expression of P450, CREM, and ACT, we used immunohistochemical techniques to determine expression levels of these proteins in testes of rats administered 100 mg NaF/L for 2 weeks via drinking water. The results showed that P450 expression was decreased while CREM and ACT expression was increased in the fluoride group, compared to the control. These data suggest that fluoride can impair male reproduction by affecting expression of P450, CREM, and ACT in the testes.
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[Study on antagonistic effects of selenite on fluoride-induced impairments of testis and epididymis in rats].
Objective: To study the mechanisms of the antagonistic action of selenite on fluoride-induced male reproductive damages, and find out the optimal level of selenite in drinking water against fluoride toxicity. Methods: Five groups of SD male rats were provided with deionized drinking water containing 0 and 150 mg/L NaF, and
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Sodium fluoride induced toxicity in testes of Swiss albino mice and its reversal by ascorbic acid and calcium
Fluorosis, which was considered to be a problem related to teeth and bone only, has now turned up to be a serious health hazard. The aim of this study is to see the effect of fluoride on the reproductive system and to see the role if any of Ascorbic acid
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[Relationship between spermatogenic cell apoptosis and serum estradiol level in rats exposed to fluoride].
OBJECTIVE: To observe the relationship between spermatogenic cell apoptosis and serum estradiol level in rats exposed to fluoride. METHODS: A total of 30 male Wistar rats were allocated into six groups randomly. The six experimental groups were 28-day control group, 28-day low-dose fluoride treatment group, 28-day high-dose fluoride treatment group,
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Fluoride exposure changed the structure and the expressions of HSP related genes in testes of pubertal rats.
Previous studies have indicated that fluoride exposure damaged the male reproductive function; however, the cellular mechanism of fluoride-induced testicular toxicity is still unclear. In this study, twenty-two female pregnant Wistar rats were allotted randomly to two groups: control (deionized water) and sodium fluoride (NaF, contain F-: 67.86 mg/L) groups. After delivery,
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Sodium Fluoride In Vitro Treatment Affects the Expression of Gonadotropin and Steroid Hormone Receptors in Chicken Embryonic Gonads.
Sodium fluoride (NaF), in addition to preventing dental decay may negatively affect the body. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of a 6 h in vitro treatment of gonads isolated from 14-day-old chicken embryos with NaF at doses of 1.7 (D1), 3.5 (D2), 7.1 (D3), and
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Fluoride's Effect on the Male Reproductive System -- In Vitro Studies
Carefully controlled in vitro studies have found that direct exposure of fluoride to the testes or semen inhibits testosterone production and damages sperm. While researchers have known since the 1930s that mega concentrations of fluoride can completely (but reversibly) immobilize sperm, it was not until the 1970s and 1980s that researchers found that relatively modest concentrations of fluoride could cause damage prior to complete immobilization.
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Fluoride's Effect on Male Reproductive System: Animal Studies
Over 60 studies on animals (including rats, mice, roosters, and rabbits) have found that fluoride adversely impacts the male reproductive system. These studies have repeatedly found the following effects: (1) decreases in testosterone levels; (2) reduced sperm motility; (3) altered sperm morphology; (4) reduced sperm quantity; (5) increased oxidative stress; (6) and reduced capacity to breed.
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Fluoride's Effect on Male Reproductive System - Human Studies
Consistent with in vitro and animal research, studies of human populations have reported associations between fluoride exposure and damage to the male reproductive system. Most notably, a scientist at the Food & Drug Administration reported in 1994 that populations in the United States with more than 3 ppm fluoride in their water had lower "total fertility rates" than populations with lower fluoride levels.
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Fluoride's Effect on Male Reproductive System -- The "Sprando/Collins" Anomaly
In contrast to the findings of over 60 animal studies from other research teams, a series of studies by FDA researchers Sprando & Collins reported virtually no evidence of reproductive toxicity among animals treated with very high levels of fluoride exposure. The reasons for this discrepancy remains unclear. Excerpts from Sprando/Collins' Studies: "This study
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