Abstract
Objective To probe into X-ray, CT and MRI manifestations of bone turnover in skeletal fluorosis and diagnostic values of different examination technologies. Methods Comparisons and analyses were made on the imaging manifestations of bone turnover in 28 reported cases with skeletal fluorosis. Results All 28 cases had dental fluorosis of different degrees. The chief symptoms included arthralgia and aching muscle pains in four limbs; 13 cases had joint motion limitation and dysfunction, 28 cases had spinal pain and 26 cases (92.85%) had pain in the lumbar region and legs. As to the imaging manifestations, 17 cases mainly had hyperostosis and 11 cases mainly had osteopenia; 5 had fuzzy bone trabecula, 9 loosening of cortical bone and 19 sclerosis of cancellous bone; 7 cases were complicated by biconcave deformity of vertebral body and 6 cases by pelvic deformity; 4 cases manifested the formation of false fracture line, and 7 cases manifested disorder of bone growth and development. Conclusions: MRI may distinctly display early changes of bone turnover in patients with skeletal fluorosis with high diagnostic sensitivity.
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X-ray diagnosis of fluorine-associated arthropathy
I. Pathological basis and X-ray signs of fluorine-associated arthropathy Long-term uptake of excessive fluorine may cause pathological changes of bone structure and bone periphery; furthermore, animal experiments and epidemiological investigations demonstrate that fluorosis may cause necrosis, degeneration and ulceration of articular cartilage, and also cause necrosis of subchondral bones, leading to
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Ancient and recent evidence of endemic fluorosis in the Naples area
Endemic fluorosis induced by high concentrations of natural fluoride in groundwater and soils is a major health problem in several countries, particularly in volcanic areas. The early stages of skeletal fluorosis, a chronic metabolic bone and joint disease rarely considered in palaeopathological diagnoses, are often misdiagnosed in endemic areas. In
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A roentgenologic study of a human population exposed to high-fluoride domestic water; a ten-year study
As shown in Table 1, a limited number of participants from both Bartlett and Cameron showed some degree of roentgenographic bone change but, in general, these changes were minimal. There was a larger number with no observable change in the ten-year interval, a fact disregarded or unreported in most fluoride
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Plasma fluoride level as a predictor of voriconazole induced periostitis in patients with skeletal pain
BACKGROUND: Voriconazole is a triazole antifungal medication used for prophylaxis or to treat invasive fungal infections. Inflammation of the periosteum resulting in skeletal pain, known as periostitis, is a reported side effect of long-term voriconazole therapy. The tri-fluorinated molecular structure of voriconazole suggests a possible link between excess fluoride and
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[Clinical and imaging study of fluoride-poisoning arthropathy].
Objective: To probe into the clinical and imaging manifestations and mechanisms of fluorosis-associated arthropathy. Methods: Analyses were conducted on the clinical manifestations, X-rays and magnetic resonance examinations in 18 cases with fluorosis-associated arthropathy. Results: Skeletal fluorosis of different severities was revealed in the 18 cases. Major clinical symptoms were as follows: pain
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"Pre-Skeletal" Fluorosis
As demonstrated by the studies below, skeletal fluorosis may produce adverse symptoms, including arthritic pains, clinical osteoarthritis, gastrointestinal disturbances, and bone fragility, before the classic bone change of fluorosis (i.e., osteosclerosis in the spine and pelvis) is detectable by x-ray. Relying on x-rays, therefore, to diagnosis skeletal fluorosis will invariably fail to protect those individuals who are suffering from the pre-skeletal phase of the disease. Moreover, some individuals with clinical skeletal fluorosis will not develop an increase in bone density, let alone osteosclerosis, of the spine. Thus, relying on unusual increases in spinal bone density will under-detect the rate of skeletal fluoride poisoning in a population.
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Skeletal Fluorosis: The Misdiagnosis Problem
It is a virtual certainty that there are individuals in the general population unknowingly suffering from some form of skeletal fluorosis as a result of a doctor's failure to consider fluoride as a cause of their symptoms. Proof that this is the case can be found in the following case reports of skeletal fluorosis written by doctors in the U.S. and other western countries. As can be seen, a consistent feature of these reports is that fluorosis patients--even those with crippling skeletal fluorosis--are misdiagnosed for years by multiple teams of doctors who routinely fail to consider fluoride as a possible cause of their disease.
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Fluoride & Osteoarthritis
While the osteoarthritic effects that occurred from fluoride exposure were once considered to be limited to those with skeletal fluorosis, recent research shows that fluoride can cause osteoarthritis in the absence of traditionally defined fluorosis. Conventional methods used for detecting skeletal fluorosis, therefore, will fail to detect the full range of people suffering from fluoride-induced osteoarthritis.
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Exposure Pathways Linked to Skeletal Fluorosis
Excessive fluoride exposure from any source -- and from all sources combined -- can cause skeletal fluorosis. Some exposure pathways , however, have been specifically identified as placing individuals at risk of skeletal fluorosis. These exposure pathways include: Fluoridated Water for Kidney Patients Excessive Tea Consumption High-Fluoride Well Water Industrial Fluoride Exposure Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals (Voriconazole
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Fluoride & Spinal Stenosis
Spinal stenosis is a narrowing of the spaces in the spine that results in pressure being placed on the spinal cord and/or nerve roots. Although stenosis can develop without symptoms, it may produce numbness, tingling, pain and difficulty in walking, as well as a heavy/tired feeling in the legs. It is estimated that 250,000 to 500,000 Americans currently have symptoms of spinal stenosis. Skeletal fluorosis is one cause of stenosis.
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