Abstract
The concentrations of serum osteocalcin (OCN) and calcitonin (CTN) were determined in sixty male workers exposed to fluoride (F) at an aluminum plant in Danjiang city, and in thirty non-F exposed males of the same general age from the local market town Gaolou village of Jun county in Danjiang city (control group). The F-exposed workers were divided into two groups according to the levels of their urine and serum F: a high-F burden group (urine F>4.0 mg/L; serum F>0.20 mg/L) and a low-F burden group (2.0 mg/L<urine F ?4.0 mg/L; 0.10 mg/L<serum F ?0.20 mg/L). Compared with the control group, the concentrations of serum OCN and CTN were significantly higher in both the high-F and low-F burden groups (p<0.05). This study found for the first time that the concentrations of serum OCN and CTN increased concurrently in a F-exposed worker population. On the basis of these findings, we propose that serum OCN and CTN might be sensitive biomarkers for detecting early stages of F bone injuries.
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Skeletal fluorosis from instant tea
INTRODUCTION: Skeletal fluorosis (SF) can result from prolonged consumption of well water with >4 ppm fluoride ion (F(-); i.e., >4 mg/liter). Black and green teas can contain significant amounts of F(-). In 2005, SF caused by drinking 1-2 gallons of double-strength instant tea daily throughout adult life was reported in
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Endemic fluorosis: a study of the factors involved in the production of mottled enamel in children and severe bone manifestations in adults
Summary and Conclusions A detailed study of the factors involved in the production of "mottled enamel" in children and severe bone manifestations in adults; as a result of the ingestion of fluorides in drinking water, has been made during the last three years. This study revealed: 1. "Mottled enamel" in children was
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[Skeletal fluorosis: a case report].
The authors report a case of skeletal fluorosis described in a 60 years old man living in south-west Tunisian. The main clinical sign is a severe functional legs disability. Radiographic examination has shown a diffused osteocondensation, with cervical spine degenerative discopathy, a pelvis bilateral osteoarthritis and an interosseous membrane ossification
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Fluoride exposure from burning coal-clay in Guizhou Province, China
The very high prevalence of dental and skeletal fluorosis in relation to the fluorine content of local coal and clay was investigated in two rural regions with low water fluoride (Hualuo Village and Majianzhuang Village) of Guizhou Province, China. The fluorine content of coal in the two regions is considerably
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Industrial Fluorosis [Carnow et al.]
SUMMARY: In 1242 apparently healthy and actively employed workers of a Canadian aluminum facility, the history of musculoskeletal symptoms, of the incidence of fractures, of neck and back surgery, as well as the x-ray findings were reviewed. A highly significant relationship of exposure to fluoride was established with the frequency
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"Pre-Skeletal" Fluorosis
As demonstrated by the studies below, skeletal fluorosis may produce adverse symptoms, including arthritic pains, clinical osteoarthritis, gastrointestinal disturbances, and bone fragility, before the classic bone change of fluorosis (i.e., osteosclerosis in the spine and pelvis) is detectable by x-ray. Relying on x-rays, therefore, to diagnosis skeletal fluorosis will invariably fail to protect those individuals who are suffering from the pre-skeletal phase of the disease. Moreover, some individuals with clinical skeletal fluorosis will not develop an increase in bone density, let alone osteosclerosis, of the spine. Thus, relying on unusual increases in spinal bone density will under-detect the rate of skeletal fluoride poisoning in a population.
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Fluoride & Osteoarthritis
While the osteoarthritic effects that occurred from fluoride exposure were once considered to be limited to those with skeletal fluorosis, recent research shows that fluoride can cause osteoarthritis in the absence of traditionally defined fluorosis. Conventional methods used for detecting skeletal fluorosis, therefore, will fail to detect the full range of people suffering from fluoride-induced osteoarthritis.
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Skeletal Fluorosis: The Misdiagnosis Problem
It is a virtual certainty that there are individuals in the general population unknowingly suffering from some form of skeletal fluorosis as a result of a doctor's failure to consider fluoride as a cause of their symptoms. Proof that this is the case can be found in the following case reports of skeletal fluorosis written by doctors in the U.S. and other western countries. As can be seen, a consistent feature of these reports is that fluorosis patients--even those with crippling skeletal fluorosis--are misdiagnosed for years by multiple teams of doctors who routinely fail to consider fluoride as a possible cause of their disease.
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Fluoride & Spondylosis; Spondylitis
Among individuals with skeletal fluorosis, the fluoride-induced changes to the spine, and the accompanying symptoms, can bear a close resemblance to spondylosis and spondylitis (as well as DISH). Spondylosis is a (non-inflammatory) degenerative disease of the spine marked by bony outgrowths (spurs) which can produce nerve cord compression. Spondylitis, by contrast, is an inflammatory form of arthritis that causes inflammation in the joints between the vertebrae. Whereas spondylosis is generally asymptomatic, spondylitis generally causes significant pain and stiffness in the spine.
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Fluoride Content of Tea
Tea, particularly tea drinks made with lower quality older leaves, contain high levels of fluoride. Because of these high levels, research has found that individuals who drink large amounts of tea can develop skeletal fluorosis -- a painful bone disease caused by excessive fluoride intake. Since skeletal fluorosis is often misdiagnosed by
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