Abstract
The relation between trace element levels in drinking water and cognitive function was investigated in a population-based study of elderly residents (n = 1,016) in rural China in 1996-1997. Cognitive function was measured using a Chinese translation of the Community Screening Interview for Dementia. A mixed effects model was used to evaluate the effect of each of the elements on cognitive function while adjusting for age, sex, and educational level. Several of the elements examined had a significant effect on cognitive function when they were assessed in a univariate context. However, after adjustment for other elements, many of these results were not significant. There was a significant quadratic effect for calcium and a significant zinc-cadmium interaction. Cognitive function increased with calcium level up to a certain point and then decreased as calcium continued to increase. Zinc showed a positive relation with cognitive function at low cadmium levels but a negative relation at high levels.
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Evaluation of standardized Bacopa monniera extract in sodium fluoride-induced behavioural, biochemical, and histopathological alterations in mice
Effect of standardized Bacopa monniera (BM; family: Scrophulariaceae) extract (100 and 300 mg/kg) against sodium fluoride (NaF; 100 and 200 ppm)-induced behavioural, biochemical, and neuropathological alterations in mice was evaluated. Akinesia, rotarod (motor coordination), forced swim test (depression), open field test (anxiety), transfer latency (memory), cholinesterase (ChE), and oxidative stress
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Research on the effects of fluoride on child intellectual development under different environmental conditions.
Goal: To study the effects of the fluoride and iodine content of drinking water on child intellectual development and the interaction between the two factors and also the relationship of educational factors to such development. Methods: The subjects of the investigation were 8- to 14-year-old children randomly selected from endemic areas as well
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Fluoride-induced developmental disorders and iodine deficiency disorders as examples of developmental disorders due to disturbed thyroid hormone metabolism.
Both exposure to fluoride and iodine deficiency during early development can lead to disturbed thyroid hormone metabolism and produce the same spectrum of developmental disorders including short stature, bone deformities, cognitive impairment, delayed dental eruption, and dental fluorosis. The levels of creatinine-adjusted urinary fluoride experienced by pregnant women in areas
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[Effects of chronic fluorosis on neurobehavioral development in offspring of rats and antagonistic effect of Vitamin E]
Objective: To study the effect of chronic fluorosis on neurobehavioral development, the ability of learning and memory in offspring of rats, and the antagonistic effect of antioxidant Vitamin E (Vit E). Methods: According to body weight, forty-five 1-month-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats of 30 females and 15 males were divided into three
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[Effect of iodine and selenium on learning memory impairment induced by fluorosis and blood biochemical criterion of rats].
[Objective] To investigate the effect of iodine and selenium on learning memory behavior impairment induced by fluorosis and blood biochemical criterion change of rats. To study the antagonism of iodine and selenium on fluorosis. [Methods] After the rats with fluorosis drinking water with different concentrations of iodine ( I)
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Fluoride Exposure Increases Metabolic Requirement for Magnesium
Fluoride's toxicity is significantly enhanced in the presence of nutritional deficiencies. Similarly, fluoride exposure increases the body's requirement for certain nutrients. An individual with a high intake of fluoride, for example, will need a proportional increase in calcium to avoid the mineralization defects (e.g., osteomalacia) that fluoride causes to bone
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Fluoride & Rickets
One of fluoride's most well-defined effects on bone tissue is it's ability to increase the osteoid (unmineralized bone) content of bone. When bones have too much osteoid, they become soft and prone to fracture -- a condition known as osteomalacia. When osteomalacia develops during childhood, it is called "rickets." The potential for fluoride
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Fluoride Is Not an Essential Nutrient
In the 1950s, dentists believed that fluoride was a “nutrient.” A nutrient is a vitamin or mineral that is necessary for good health. Dentists believed that fluoride ingestion during childhood was necessary for strong, healthy teeth. A “fluoride deficiency” was thus believed to cause cavities, just like a deficiency of calcium can
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Fluoride's Direct Effects on Brain: Animal Studies
The possibility that fluoride ingestion may impair intelligence and other indices of neurological function is supported by a vast body of animal research, including over 40 studies that have investigated fluoride's effects on brain quality in animals. As discussed by the National Research Council, the studies have consistently demonstrated that fluoride, at widely varying concentrations, is toxic to the brain.
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Fluoride & Oxidative Stress
A vast body of research demonstrates that fluoride exposure increases oxidative stress. Based on this research, it is believed that fluoride-induced oxidative stress is a key mechanism underlying the various toxic effects associated with fluoride exposure. It is also well established that fluoride's toxic effects can be ameliorated by exposure
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