Highlights
Evidence of poisoning with organophosphorus (OP) nerve agents requires biomedical verification.
OP nerve agents undergo common biotransformation pathways producing valuable biomarkers.
Internationally accepted methods target remaining poison, hydrolysis products and protein-adducts.
Mass spectrometry-based methods provide optimum selectivity and sensitivity for identification.
Methods, strategies, current proceedings, quality criteria and real cases of poisoning a
1. Introduction
Fluorine is one of the most common halogens, which usually exists in the environment as compounds. Fluorine or fluoride enters the human body primarily through drinking water, food, and air. Once absorbed into the bloodstream, it is easily transported throughout the body in the form of ions. More than 90% of absorbed fluoride is distributed in bone tissue, with the total amount of fluorine in a normal human body being approximately 2.6 g [1]. Fluoride has a dual effect on
4. Discussion
This study’s different results suggest past, present, and potentially future exposure to F- levels above the international drinking water guidelines, and that consequently represents a health risk for children and women whose drinking water source is the La Onza well or wells with similar F- concentrations in the CARL. Since convenience sampling is non-probabilistic, it cannot pretend to be representative of the whole population. However, we have no reasons to believe (althou
4. Discussion
Cellular senescence is a pathophysiologica l phase in which the cell cycle is arrested and cells stop growing. In recent years, cellular senescence has been widely highlighted as one of the pathogenesis mechanisms that regulate various diseases such as tumors, degenerative diseases, and chronic diseases [20]. The reason and mechanism of cell senescence are not fully understood. Oxidative stress is the main external cause of cell senescence that is more generally accepted. Cells
Highlights
It is suggested that undernourished children may be more likely develop dental fluorosis.
Fluoride intake and excretion were measured in normal, wasted and stunted children.
Proportion of ingested fluoride excreted via urine was not related to nutritional status.
Nutritional status affected fingernail- but not toenail- fluoride concentration.
Abstract
Introduction
It has been suggested that undernourished children are more likely to develop d
Note: The Tables are not included in the text below. See the full study.
In areas where the potable water supplies contain the fluoride ion at optimum concentration at the source, the dental caries experience of children who ingest these water fluorides during the years of tooth development is about 60 per cent less than among children in areas with fluoride deficient water supplies.1 Adults who have used such water supplies continuously enjoy the dental benefits obtained during childhood.2
Data availability
The dataset used and analyzed in this study is available from the authors in reasonable request.
References
CDC and Arthritis Foundation. A National Public Health Agenda for Osteoarthritis 2010 from https://www.cdc.gov/arthritis/publications/pdf/agenda-osteoarthritis.pdf. Accessed 16 Jul 2020
Loeser RF, Goldring SR, Scanzello CR, Goldring MB (2012) Osteoarthritis: a disease of the joint as an organ. Arthritis Rheum 64(6):1697–1707. htt
Excerpt
Introduction
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined as a cluster of symptoms whose coexistence significantly contributes to cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, stroke, and other conditions, thus increasing the risk of premature death1. The definition of MetS has evolved over time into its current form, adopted in 2009. The components of this disorder include: reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increased waist circumference, triglycerides (TG), blood pressure and fasti
Table 1
Hydrological record and fluoride content of groundwater from monitoring area in 2019
Parameters
Rainy season
Dry season
Average rainfall (mm)
630
210
Water elevation (m)
?10.84 to 9.26
?13.68 to 11.41
F? concentration (mg/L)
0.16–2.06
0.19–1.19 (Gao et al. 2013)
Figure 1
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CONCLUSIONS
In this study, content distribution analysis and quantificational source apportionmen
Highlights
Long-term exposure NaF induced hepatotoxicity in ducks.
NaF exposure caused liver granule and vacuolar degeneration observed by histological analysis.
The mechanism of NaF exposure on hepatotoxicity involving activating autophagy and apoptosis.
Cyt-C/Caspase 3/9 signaling pathway activation target cell death.
Abstract
Fluorine being a well-known and essential element for normal physiological functions of tissues of different organisms is frequ
To the Editor: The Centers for Disease Control recognized community water fluoridation as one of the 10 great public health achievements of the twentieth century for improving oral health, especially in children [1]. Unfortunately, long-term exposure to higher endemic water fluoride caused dental fluorosis, skeletal fractures, cancers, and affected reproduction, thyroid functions, and intelligence quotient (IQ) [2, 3]. The present study analyzed the outcome of spectral severity of water flu
1. Introduction
Fluoride is one of the essential microelements in the body. Long-term excessive intake of fluoride will cause systemic physiological and pathological changes [1]. Fluoride can not only damage bone organs but also accumulate in brain tissue through the blood-brain barrier, affecting the shape and function of brain nerve cells [2, 3]. In recent years, fluoride pollution is serious due to the development of industry. Meanwhile, increased fluorine in water will cause a certain toxic
4. Discussion
Water-borne endemic fluorosis has been widely prevalent in China, especially in the central, western and northern parts of China. In order to explore the possible epigenetic changes caused by fluoride exposure, we conducted a screening and validation study in step by step. We undertook, for the first time, microarray analyses of DNA methylation on samples from school-age children who had been exposed to/not exposed to excessive fluoride in drinking water. Gradually, we conducted
Urinary fluoride measurement is the most useful biomarker to assess fluoride status [24, 61] as fluoride excretion is an indicator of fluoride intake [62]. AI of fluoride falls within the range of 0.05–0.07 mg/kg body/day weight in children less than 12 years of age, while UL is set at 0.1 mg/kg body weight/day [63, 64]. About 81.5% of children had estimated intake below 0.05 mg/kg boy weight per day and no one had an intake above the UL. The estimated intake of 0.032±0.031 mg/kg/day (median
Background:
This study determined the fluoride content of green tea from various parts of Asia, where green tea originates.
Methods
We brewed 2.5 g each of 4 types of green tea (from China, South Korea, Japan and Sri Lanka) using deionized water heated to boiling. Water was cooled to 71°C, then tea was steeped for 2 minutes. This process was repeated 20 times, thus providing 20 samples for each tea type. In addition, 20 control samples of deionized water were brewed to the same specificati
We describe below a case of skeletal fluorosis occurring in a Hampshire man who presented with neurological complications, and whose condition was appreciably improved by operation. We believe that this is the first case of its kind to be reported from Britain, and also the first case of skeletal fluorosis with neurological involvement in which surgery has been attempted with benefit.
... FLUORIDE ANALYSIS The fluoride content of the patient's blood, urine, and bone, together with that of two
Brougham KM, Roberts SR, Davison AW, Port GR,
Page 1 of study
BY the time that Brantford, Ontario, began to fluoridate its water supply in 1945 a great deal of information had been obtained from various parts of the word concerning the effect of naturally fluoridated water on dental caries. This information showed that the incidence of tooth decay is greatly reduced in populations consuming from birth naturally fluoridated water at a level of about one part per million. No ill effects at this level were observed. We therefore wished to det
Page 1 of article
ALBERTA lags behind most of the other provinces in Canada in instituting fluoridation as a public health measure for preventing tooth decay although the University of Alberta was the first institution in Canada to carry out significant research on this subject. The discovery that fluorine in water could prevent dental caries was first made in 1931 by research workers in the United States and as early as 1935 the travelling public health clinic in Alberta reported opaque white
Footnotes
Acknowledgements: L. McLaren is supported by a Population Health Investigator Award from Alberta Innovates–Health Solutions. J.C.H. Emery is the Svare Professor in Health Economics at the University of Calgary.
Conflict of Interest: None to declare.
References
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Abstract
Background
One of the main arguments made in favor of community water fluoridation is that it is equitable in its impact on dental caries (i.e., helps to offset inequities in dental caries). Although an equitable effect of fluoridation has been demonstrated in cross-sectional studies, it has not been studied in the context of cessation of community water fluoridation (CWF). The objective of this study was to compare the socio-economic patterns of chil
Page 1
On June 20th, 1955, Brantford completed ten years of experience with mechanically fluoridated water.
Earlier reports (1) have shown that the full decay-preventing effect of the fluoridated water on the permanent dentition of the Brantford children began to show itself in 1951, when the first permanent molars appeared in the mouths of the children born there in 1945. In 1953, after these teeth had been exposed in the mouths of the eight-year-old children for a period of two years out r
Page 1
Available clinical and experimental data provide little evidence that the administration
of supplementary fluorides to the pregnant woman living in a nonfluoride area is of great benefit to the teeth of her offspring. Because calcification of the entire permanent and a large portion of the deciduous teeth is a postnatal process, it is suggested that in areas where there is no fluoridated drinking water, extra dietary fluorides be prescribed after birth or before tooth eruption.
Since
References
1.Bawden J.W., Wolkoff A.S., Flowers Jr., C.E. PLACENTAL TRANSFER OF F18 IN SHEEP. J. Dent. Res. 1964; 43: 678.
2. Clark E.P., Collip J.B. J. A STUJ;)Y OF THE TISDALL METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF BLOOD SERUM CALCIUM WITH A SUGGESTED MODIFICATIONBiol. Chem. 1925; 63: 461. - Full Text PDF
3. Denzer B.S., Reiner M., Weiner S.B. Amer. J. Dis. Child. 1939; 57: 809. Google Scholar
4. Gedalia I., Bryzezinski A., Bercovici B., Lazaron E. ed. 2. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med
Summary
1. Thirty-nine pharmaceuticals prescribed by obstetricians and pediatricians were analyzed
for micro quantities of fluoride for this report,
2. Effect of ingestion of occult fluoride on cord blood and placenta is referred to,
3. Cause of "idiopathic opacities" of enamel and enamel hypoplasias occurring in fluoride free or "optimum supplied'' water supplies is suggested.
Ingestion of fluorides for the partial prevention of dental caries has been suggested for some time, wit
References
Cheng, L.; Zhang, K.; Zhang, Z. Effectiveness of thiazides on serum and urinary calcium levels and bone mineral density in patients with osteoporosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Drug Des. Dev. Ther. 2018, 12, 3929–3935. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
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