Excerpt
Introduction
According to experimental and field studies, exposure to more than 500 ppm of nitrous oxide(N 2O) and more than 15 ppm of haJothane and enflurane can cause performance impairment in neurobehavioral exammations (Bruce and Bach 1975, 1976; Smith and Shirley 1978; Allison et al. 1979; Edling 1980; Mahoney et al. 1988. Control of exposure to anesthetic gases has received increased attention since the mid-1970s, when scavenging devices were fitted on anesthesia machines to
Dr. Hayes is the director of Dental Services, Division of Commonwealth Medicine, Office of Clinical Affairs, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA; a clinical professor, Department of Health Policy and Health Services Research, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA; and a lecturer, Department of Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA.
Dr. Douglass is a professor emeritus, Department of Or
Official citation: NTP (National Toxicology Program). 2016. Systematic Literature Review on the Effects of Fluoride on Learning and Memory in Animal Studies. NTP Research Report 1. Research Triangle Park, NC: National Toxicology Program.
Conclusion (page 59):
Very few studies assessed learning and memory effects in experimental animals (rats and mice) at exposure levels near 0.7 parts per million, the recommended level for community water fluoridation in the United States. At concentration
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3. Lenzi TL, Montagner AF, Soares FZ, de Oliveira Rocha R. Are topical fluorides e
Abstract
Fluorine has many beneficial features and applications but can cause toxicity at high doses. Herein,
we describe its chemical properties and benefits to agrochemical design as well as potential metabolic
liabilities and exposure assessment in vivo.
The use of fluorine in drugs and agricultural chemicals has greatly expanded since the first fluoro compound, fludrocortisone, was approved in 1955. In 2018–2019, 45% of small molecule drugs approved by the U.S.
Full text article online at https://www.hindawi.com/journals/tswj/2021/6662940/
Abstract
Objectives. To analyze changes in the dental fluorosis (DF) incidence according to a birth cohort and explore current exposure to DF in a case series.
Methods. Repeated cross-sectional study of two periods: 2015 and 2018. Two standardized examiners registered DF using the Thylstrup-Fejerskov index in permanent teeth of children aged 7–18 years. Period and birth cohort frequencies were estimated by a g
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Introduction
Endemic fluorosis is a systemic, chronic, toxic disease characterized by skeletal fluorosis and dental fluorosis, which is caused by the long-term intake of fluorine by residents through drinking water, food, air, and other means that exceeds normal physiological needs. It is one of the most widespread and serious endemic diseases in China [1]. After the implementation of prevention and control measures, such as improvements to the water supply and to stoves, the prevalence
Abstract
This in vitro study evaluated the biocompatibility and abrasivity of whitening and conventional toothpastes. Samples of conventional (non-whitening) - Edel White Infant (EWI) - and whitening toothpastes - Edel White Whitening (EWW), Edel White CAREFORTE (EWC), Colgate Total 12 Ò Professional (C), and Oral-B Whitening (OB) - were dissolved in culture medium (0.2 g sample weight per mL). Human gingival fibroblasts (hGF) were placed in contact with different dilutions of culture
Introduction
Dental fluorosis is endemic to the Rift Valley in Africa, especially in volcanic areas, and it has been attributed to the high fluoride content in daily drinking water. In some parts of Tanzania, and particularly in the Arusha region (close to a dormant strato volcano named Mount Meru), dental fluorosis is considered a health problem1–4. Although the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for drinking water quality recommend that fluoride concentration in the water supply sho
INTRODUCTION
Fluorosis is an endemic disease that has affected 70 million individuals and is prevalent in 22 states of India, particularly in parched parts of the country.[1] The process of removal of harmful fluoride from water is called defluoridation.[2] The world's ground fluoride stores are estimated to be 85 million tons, of which almost 12 million tons are in India.[3] As Kaiwara, a part of Chikkaballapur district, Karnataka, has no alternate source of water, it is dependent solely on gr
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“I suspected some contamination of the water of the much-frequented street pump in Broad Street, near the end of Cambridge Street”, said John Snow, about the contaminated water pump of the cholera outbreak of 1854, in London, UK.1
In September, 2015, a Somalian man aged 46 years presented to a refugee clinic within 1 month of resettlement to Canada. From 2009 to 2015, this patient had lived in the Kakuma refugee camp (Rift Valley Province, Kenya), which houses 184, 966 inhabitants.2
Online here
Background: The Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) Study was established to obtain Canadian biomonitoring data for pregnant women and their infants, and to examine potential adverse health effects of prenatal exposure to priority environmental chemicals on pregnancy and infant health.
Methods: Women were recruited during the first trimester from 10 sites across Canada and were followed through delivery. Questionnaires were administered during preg
Case study 2
Salt fluoridation in Jamaica
Salt fluoridation was introduced into Jamaica (population, 2.5 million) in 1987; all salt for human consumption is fluoridated (30). Fluoride toothpastes had been available in the country since 1972, and while their use may have had a protective effect (32), the notable decline in the prevalence of dental caries after 1984 may be considered to be primarily attributable to the introduction of fluoridated salt (27).
In 1984, a survey of oral health ca
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o
Excerpts
Introduction
Inorganic fluoride can naturally occur in the environment or be introduced through industrial processes or fluoride supplementation programs. A primary method of fluoride supplementation is community water fluoridation, which refers to the practice of adding fluoridation chemicals to drinking water for the purpose of controlling dental caries. Ingestion of fluoridated drinking water is a major source of fluoride intake [1, 2].
As of 2017, approximately 39%
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Excerpt
Discussion
... While our annual intervention reduced caries incidence, caries increment remains unacceptably high in this community, even in children who received it. These interventions are resource-intensive, so consideration should be given to proven cost-effective interventions such as the reintroduction of water fluoridation. If active interventions are needed, consideration should be given to expanding the roles of community health workers to deliver preventive programs, especial
Excerpt
4. Discussion
... In our study higher serum fluoride concentrations were associated with changes in liver related parameters. In all Pugh-Child score groups of analyzed patients with different stages of alcoholic liver cirrhosis, elevated levels of plasma fluoride, increased activities of both hepatic aminotransferases, ALT and AST, and total bilirubin concentration were shown. The risk of serious complications like esophageal varices, ascites and encephalopathy was high
References
Yadav, K.K.; Kumar, S.; Pham, Q.B.; Gupta, N.; Rezania, S.; Kamyab, H.; Yadav, S.; Vymazal, J.; Kumar, V.; Tri, D.Q.; et al. Fluoride contamination, health problems and remediation methods in Asian groundwater: A comprehensive review. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2019, 182, 109362. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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A special germ, deficient diet and predisposing conditions in the mouth combine to foster decay of teeth, according to Drs. F. E. Rodriguez and R.A. Kelser, of the Army Medical School, Washington. Dr. Rodriguez has found that an individual germ of the lactic acid family is the one responsible for the piercing of the hard enamel of the teeth and exposing the soft dentine inside to many different types of bacteria. It thrives in an acid medium, and itself produces an acid condition.
The germs a
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European Commission:
Opinions on the 2011 SCHER report on fluoridation for the Layman
About this publication on Fluoridation
Online at https://ec.europa.eu/health/scientific_committees/opinions_layman/fluoridation/en/about.htm
1. Source for this Publication
The texts in level 3 are directly sourced from “Critical review of any new evidence on the hazard profile, health effects, and human exposure to fluoride and the fluoridating agents of drinking water”, a report produced in 2011 by th
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Excerpts
1 Introduction
Given the widespread presence of fluorine in the natural environment, individuals are exposed to fluoride via food intake, inhalation, and dermal contact. Drinking water represents the largest exposure source. In particular, in highly fluoridated regions and in some developed areas that fluoridate the public water supply to reduce dental caries, fluoride may result in a health hazard [1,2].
Fluoride is required for normal growth and development of teeth and bones but
Funding: This research was supported by a grant of the Division of Oral Health Policy, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea in 2014.
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Funding
This research was funded by NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH, grant numbers K23ES024803 and R01ES030101 and the Maine Economic Improvement Fund.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.
Appendix A
Table A1. Percent change in plasma fluoride by demographic characteristi
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EXCERPTS
Strengths and limitations of the study
This is the first population-wide data linkage cohort study to evaluate the reach and impact of a complex public health intervention.
There is evidence of effectiveness of oral health improvement interventions for children including fluoride toothpaste and professionally applied fluoride varnish; however, the evidence of combining these into a complex oral health improvement programme delivered via a proportio
Highlights
Relatively low levels of fluoride exposure in US adolescents but with wide ranges.
Dose-dependent increase in prevalence of hyperuricemia with increasing fluoride levels.
Significant associations between plasma and water fluoride and hyperuricemia.
A positive relationship between water and plasma fluoride concentrations.
Potential role of chronic fluoride exposure in increased prevalence of hyperuricemia.
Abstract
Exposure to excessive fluo
This article is a preprint and has not been peer-reviewed. It reports new medical research that has yet to be evaluated and so should not be used to guide clinical practice.
Abstract
As a safe exposure level for fluoride in pregnancy has not been established, we used data from two prospective studies for benchmark dose modeling. We included mother-child pairs from the Early Life Exposures in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) cohort in M
Kombucha dates back thousands of years and is reported to have originated in East Asia. It is produced by fermenting tea with added sugar using SCOBY (symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast). Its health benefits can be attributed to the metabolites produced during the fermentation process. Valuable ingredients of this fermented tea beverage include acetic acid, glucuronic acid, vitamins, enzymes, sugars and polyphenols. Tea, and consequently kombucha, contains numerous minerals, and one of them
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Plain language summary
Sealants or fluoride varnishes: which treatment is better for preventing decay in the permanent back teeth of children and adolescents?
Why is this question important?
Tooth decay (also called a cavity or caries) is when a small hole develops in a tooth. This happens because bacteria (tiny living organisms) that live in the mouth feed on sugar in the food we eat. As they feed, the bacteria produce acid that attacks teeth. If teeth are not cleaned regularly aft
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