Abstract
Soft tissue fluoride toxicity is well established. Several animal and human studies of the effect of fluoride on the thyroid gland have shown conflicting results. Endemic fluorosis and goitre are widespread in India with considerable overlapping in different geographical zones. We examined 22,276 individuals for presence of goitre and dental fluorosis and estimated the fluoride and iodine content of their drinking water. Overall goitre and dental fluorosis prevalences were 14.0% and 12.2%, respectively, and were significantly and positively correlated. No significant relationship was observed between water iodine level and goitre. In the study area only 0.3% of cases were visible goitre (Grade-II and above) and all goitre cases were euthyroid. This suggests that fluoride-induced goitres are brought about by anatomical or structural changes rather than functional changes.
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Fluorine and the Thyroid Gland: A Review of the Literature.
The increasing use of fluoride for prevention of dental caries poses the problem as to whether this halogen has antagonistic properties towards iodine, whereby it could hamper the success of iodine prophylaxis of endemic goitre. Review of the literature shows that some authors have found an inhibition by fluoride of
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Assessment of iodine status in children, adults, pregnant women and lactating women in iodine-replete areas of China
BACKGROUND: Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) are widespread in China. Presently, IDD have been put under control by Universal Salt Iodisation (USI) in China; however, there is a lack of evidence on whether the iodine status in adults, pregnant women and lactating women is optimal. This study was therefore conducted to assess
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Goitre in school girls of the Mewat area of Haryana
A survey was carried out on 5449 school girls aged 10-16 years in the Mewat area of Haryana for goitre. The overall prevalence of goitre was nearly 29.5%. Thus goitre was a public health problem in the region. Analysis of the water sources in the study population used for drinking
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Role of nitric oxide and vascular endothelial growth factor in fluoride-induced goitrogenesis in rats
Endemic fluorosis is a serious problem in public health. Previous studies have indicated that patients with thyroid goiters usually live in fluoride-affected areas. However, the mechanism of goitrogenesis caused independently by fluoride is still unclear. The principle objective of this study was to investigate the possible roles of nitric oxide
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Excessive iodine intake, water chemicals and endemic goitre in a Sudanese coastal area
OBJECTIVE: To study the associations between intakes of iodine and water chemicals and the thyroid gland status of schoolchildren living in the coastal city of Port Sudan. DESIGN: In our previous nationwide study on goitre, it was observed that the prevalence of goitre was high in Port Sudan city despite high
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Fluoride, Water Hardness, and Endemic Goitre
Variations in goitre prevalence were found to correlate closely with the fluoride content (p=0-74; P<0-01) and with the hardness (p=0.77; P<0-01) of the water in each village. The effects of fluoride and water hardness seem to be independent.
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Fluoride & Goiter
Goitre (aka goiter) is an enlargement of the thyroid gland that in some cases can produce visible swelling in the neck. The main cause of goitre is iodine deficiency. Goitre can also be caused by other things, including hypothyroidism and substances that cause goitre (goitrogens). Since as far back as the
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Fluorine in the Aetiology of Endemic Goitre
The distribution of endemic goitre in the Punjab and in England is related to the geological distribution of fluorine and to the distribution of human dental fluorosis (mottled enamel). Inquiry showed the presence of dental fluorosis among school-children in two areas of Somerset where two previous observers had recorded a high incidence of goitre, and the absence of dental fluorosis in an adjoining area selected as control where endemic goitre was absent.
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The Relationship Between Fluoride Exposure & Goitre in South Africa
As a general rule simple goitre, irrespective of the cause, can be very, or fairly, satisfactorily combated by an adequate increase in man's daily iodine intake, except when the enlargement of the gland is due to the ingestion of excessive amounts of fluorine. The only correct solution to fluorine-induced endemic goitre is the removal of this element from the drinking water.
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Fluoride Aggravates Thyroid Damage Caused by Excess Iodine Intake
Chinese researchers have found that the combination of excess fluoride with excess iodine caused greater reductions in IQ, or greater increases in goitre than either scenario by itself.
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