Abstract
Albino rabbits were injected sodium fluoride solutions in the concentration of 5, 10, 20 and 50 mg/kg body weight/day subcutaneously for 100 days. The control rabbits were given 1 cc of distilled water for the same period and sacrificed. The ovary was examined for histopathological changes. Animals in control and 5 mg fluoride treated groups displayed normal follicles with oocytes and interstitial tissue in ovaries. In animals treated with 10 and 20 mg fluoride, ovary exhibited congested oocytes in the follicles, necrosis of follicle cells and interstitial oedema. The degenerative changes were most pronounced in animals treated with 50 mg fluoride, in which complete atrophy of follicles along with oocyte disintegration and marked necrosis of cells accompanied by infiltration of monocytes, lymphocytes and histiocytes in interstitial tissue occurred. The data indicate that the structural alterations in the ovary were more pronounced with the concomitant increase in the dose of fluoride.
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Sodium fluoride activates ERK and JNK via induction of oxidative stress to promote apoptosis and impairs ovarian function in rats
The toxicity of sodium fluoride (NaF) to female fertility is currently recognized; however, the mechanisms are unclear. Previously, we reported a reduction in successful pregnancy rates, ovarian atrophy and dysfunction following exposure to NaF. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Female Sprague-Dawley rats (10
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Fluoride does not induce DNA breakage in Chinese hamster ovary cells in vitro
Fluoride has been widely used in dentistry because it is a specific and effective caries prophylactic agent. However, excess fluoride may represent a hazard to human health, especially by causing injury to genetic material. Genotoxicity tests represent an important part of cancer research to assess the risk of potential carcinogens.
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The MMP-9/TIMP-1 system is involved in fluoride-induced reproductive dysfunctions in female mice
A total of 84 healthy female mice were kept with various concentrations of sodium fluoride (F) (0, 50, 100, 150 mg F-/L in drinking water for 90 days) and were then mated with healthy male mice for 1 week to study the effect of excessive fluoride on female reproductive function, particularly in embryo implantation. The rate of
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Excess dietary fluoride affects laying performance, egg quality, tissue retention, serum biochemical indices, and reproductive hormones of laying hens.
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of excess dietary fluoride (F) on laying performance, egg quality, tissue retention, serum biochemical indices, and serum reproductive hormones of laying hens. A total of 384 Hy-Line Gray hens, 37 wk old, were treated with sodium fluoride added to a corn-soybean meal
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Reproductive toxic effects of ingestion of sodium fluoride in female rats
The objective of this study was to investigate the toxic effects of different concentrations of sodium fluoride (200, 400 and 600 ppm NaF), administered in drinking water for 30 days, on the reproductive system of adult female Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats in the two higher-dosed groups showed clinical signs of
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Fluoride's Effect on the Male Reproductive System -- In Vitro Studies
Carefully controlled in vitro studies have found that direct exposure of fluoride to the testes or semen inhibits testosterone production and damages sperm. While researchers have known since the 1930s that mega concentrations of fluoride can completely (but reversibly) immobilize sperm, it was not until the 1970s and 1980s that researchers found that relatively modest concentrations of fluoride could cause damage prior to complete immobilization.
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Fluoride's Effect on Male Reproductive System: Animal Studies
Over 60 studies on animals (including rats, mice, roosters, and rabbits) have found that fluoride adversely impacts the male reproductive system. These studies have repeatedly found the following effects: (1) decreases in testosterone levels; (2) reduced sperm motility; (3) altered sperm morphology; (4) reduced sperm quantity; (5) increased oxidative stress; (6) and reduced capacity to breed.
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Fluoride's Effect on Male Reproductive System - Human Studies
Consistent with in vitro and animal research, studies of human populations have reported associations between fluoride exposure and damage to the male reproductive system. Most notably, a scientist at the Food & Drug Administration reported in 1994 that populations in the United States with more than 3 ppm fluoride in their water had lower "total fertility rates" than populations with lower fluoride levels.
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Fluoride's Effect on Male Reproductive System -- The "Sprando/Collins" Anomaly
In contrast to the findings of over 60 animal studies from other research teams, a series of studies by FDA researchers Sprando & Collins reported virtually no evidence of reproductive toxicity among animals treated with very high levels of fluoride exposure. The reasons for this discrepancy remains unclear. Excerpts from Sprando/Collins' Studies: "This study
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