Abstract
Data from the 1973-1977 National Health Interview Surveys were used to determine whether water fluoridation prevents hip fractures related to osteoporosis. No protective effect was found for fluoride levels of 0.7 ppm, the level recommended for the prevention of dental caries. There are some indications that higher concentrations of fluoride might have a protective effect for groups with a high incidence of osteoporosis. However, no determination of the actual levels needed or the possible adverse effects of high water fluoride levels could be made.
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Well water fluoride, dental fluorosis, bone fractures in the Guadiana Valley of Mexico
In the Guadiana Valley (the city of Durango and its surroundings in northwestern Mexico), the drinking water supply comes from underground wells and is characterized by a high content of fluoride. In this study, a quantitative assessment of dental fluorosis was made in the school age (6-12 years) and adult
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Insights into material and structural basis of bone fragility from diseases associated with fractures: how determinants of the biomechanical properties of bone are compromised by disease.
Minimal trauma fractures in bone diseases are the result of bone fragility. Rather than considering bone fragility as being the result of a reduced amount of bone, we recognize that bone fragility is the result of changes in the material and structural properties of bone. A better understanding of the
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The effects of fluoridation on degenerative joint disease (DJD) and hip fractures
Fluoride strengthens bone, yet makes it more susceptible to fracture. If mechanical factors are important in DJD, an increased risk for DJD in communities where fluoride is consumed is also expected. Hip fractures and knee DJD joint replacements among those >65 years for 1991-1996 were compared between one community with
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Temporal and geographic variation in hip fracture rates for people aged 65 or older, New York State, 1985-1996
We describe temporal and regional variation in hip fracture rates for people aged 65 or older in New York state (NYS) from 1985 to 1996. Our descriptive study was of all hip fracture cases admitted to NYS hospitals during that period. Case data were obtained from the Statewide Planning and
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Bone fragility of the peripheral skeleton during fluoride therapy for osteoporosis
Bone fragility during fluoride therapy for osteoporosis was observed in 24 (37.5%) of 64 patients treated with sodium fluoride, calcium, and vitamin D for 2.5 years who developed episodes of lower-limb pain during treatment. Eighteen (28%) of these patients had clinical and roentgenographic features of 41 stress fractures and 12
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Fluoride Reduces Bone Strength Prior to Onset of Skeletal Fluorosis
The majority of animal studies investigating fluoride's impact on bone strength have found that fluoride has either no effect, or a detrimental effect, on bone strength. Importantly, several of the animal studies that have found fluoride reductes bone strength have reported that this reduction in strength occurs before signs of skeletal fluorosis
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Skeletal Fluorosis: The Misdiagnosis Problem
It is a virtual certainty that there are individuals in the general population unknowingly suffering from some form of skeletal fluorosis as a result of a doctor's failure to consider fluoride as a cause of their symptoms. Proof that this is the case can be found in the following case reports of skeletal fluorosis written by doctors in the U.S. and other western countries. As can be seen, a consistent feature of these reports is that fluorosis patients--even those with crippling skeletal fluorosis--are misdiagnosed for years by multiple teams of doctors who routinely fail to consider fluoride as a possible cause of their disease.
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The Relationship Between Fluoride, Bone Density, and Bone Strength
Although fluoride has generally been found to reduce the bone density of cortical bone, it is well documented that fluoride can increase the density of trabecular bone (aka cancellous bone). Trabecular bone is the primary bone of the spine, whereas cortical bone is the primary bone of the legs and arms. While increases in
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Mechanisms by which fluoride may reduce bone strength
Based on a large body of animal and human research, it is now known that fluoride ingestion can reduce bone strength and increase the rate of fracture. There are several plausible mechanisms by which fluoride can reduce bone strength. As discussed below, these mechanisms include: Reduction in Cortical Bone Density De-bonding of
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Fluoride Content of Bone Impairs Bone Quality
Water Fluoridation Increases the Fluoride Content of Bone "Fluoride analyses of the cadaver material from Kuopio revealed that fluoridation of drinking water increases the fluoride concentration in bone. In some individual cases the amount of fluoride in trabecular bone may rise to relatively high levels, notably in patients with impaired renal
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