Abstract
Analytic chemical studies of similar human skeletal tissues obtained at autopsy from two comparable women were conducted to determine the effect of a prolonged exposure to drinking water containing 8.0 ppm of fluoride on the chemistry of human bones.
As a result of the prolonged .use of this fluoride drinking water, the fluoride in dry, fat-free skeletal tissues ranged from 0.512 to 0.653 percent, as compared with 0.062 to 0.092 percent fluoride in the skeletal tissues of a subject, comparable in age, height, weight, and sex, with no unusual water-fluoride exposure.
There was some indication that the prolonged use of drinking water containing 8.0 ppm fluoride accounted for an increase in the ash and a slight increase in the calcium content of the skeletal tissues.
The absence of any gross of systemic findings, or of any impairment of the skeletal tissues, or malfunction generally in the one subject studied, indicates that human bone may not be affected by as much as 0.5 to 0.6 percent fluoride. These findings compare favorably with other previous evidence pertinent to human bone as well as fluorosed animal bones.
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The effect of fluoride on bone
Conclusions Although it is well known that the ingestion of high levels of fluoride can give rise to severe lesions in the skeletal tissues, such effects have never been found radiographically in persons using a water supply, containing less than 4 p.p.m fluorlde throughout life. A histological study of thirty ribs taken
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Skeletal fluorosis: histomorphometric analysis of bone changes and bone fluoride content in 29 patients
Bone fluoride content (BFC) was measured and histomorphometric analysis of undecalcified sections was performed in transiliac biopsy cores from 29 patients (16 men, 13 women, aged 51 +/- 17 years) suffering from skeletal fluorosis due to chronic exposure to fluoride. The origin of the exposure, known in 20 patients, was either hydric
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Non-Endemic Skeletal Fluorosis: Causes And Associated Secondary Hyperparathyroidism (Case Report and Literature Review).
Highlights Fluorocarbon “huffing” is an under-appreciated cause of skeletal fluorosis (SF) We present a SF case with hyperparathyroidism, osteosclerosis, and osteomalacia SF may go undetected due to variation in symptoms, radiology, and biochemistry Dietary calcium, prior bone health, and skeletal F exposure influence SF features SF is common in
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Human vertebral bone: relation of strength, porosity, and mineralization to fluoride content
Radiographically normal vertebral bone cylinders from 80 male subjects were tested mechanicallly by static compression and analyzed for porosity, fluoride and ash content. As a group, they had low fluoride content, suggesting little prior intake, consonent with this geographic area. Nevertheless, increasing levels of fluoride were associated with bulkier bone,
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Skeletal fluorosis in a resettled refugee from Kakuma refugee camp.
“I suspected some contamination of the water of the much-frequented street pump in Broad Street, near the end of Cambridge Street”, said John Snow, about the contaminated water pump of the cholera outbreak of 1854, in London, UK.1 In September, 2015, a Somalian man aged 46 years presented to a refugee
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Skeletal Fluorosis: The Misdiagnosis Problem
It is a virtual certainty that there are individuals in the general population unknowingly suffering from some form of skeletal fluorosis as a result of a doctor's failure to consider fluoride as a cause of their symptoms. Proof that this is the case can be found in the following case reports of skeletal fluorosis written by doctors in the U.S. and other western countries. As can be seen, a consistent feature of these reports is that fluorosis patients--even those with crippling skeletal fluorosis--are misdiagnosed for years by multiple teams of doctors who routinely fail to consider fluoride as a possible cause of their disease.
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"Pre-Skeletal" Fluorosis
As demonstrated by the studies below, skeletal fluorosis may produce adverse symptoms, including arthritic pains, clinical osteoarthritis, gastrointestinal disturbances, and bone fragility, before the classic bone change of fluorosis (i.e., osteosclerosis in the spine and pelvis) is detectable by x-ray. Relying on x-rays, therefore, to diagnosis skeletal fluorosis will invariably fail to protect those individuals who are suffering from the pre-skeletal phase of the disease. Moreover, some individuals with clinical skeletal fluorosis will not develop an increase in bone density, let alone osteosclerosis, of the spine. Thus, relying on unusual increases in spinal bone density will under-detect the rate of skeletal fluoride poisoning in a population.
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Fluoride & Osteoarthritis
While the osteoarthritic effects that occurred from fluoride exposure were once considered to be limited to those with skeletal fluorosis, recent research shows that fluoride can cause osteoarthritis in the absence of traditionally defined fluorosis. Conventional methods used for detecting skeletal fluorosis, therefore, will fail to detect the full range of people suffering from fluoride-induced osteoarthritis.
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Fluoride & Rheumatoid Arthritis
The symptoms of skeletal fluorosis can closely resemble rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and thus individuals with fluorosis can "easily be mistaken" as having RA. In addition, clinical research on fluoride-treated osteoporosis patients has found that fluoride exposure can exacerbate pre-existing RA, and recent research shows that the levels of fluoride found in the blood of the general population (19-57 ppb) are sufficient to effect an enzyme (15-lipoxygenase) implicated in the inflammatory process of RA.
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Gastrointestinal Problems Among Individuals with Skeletal Fluorosis
Humans suffering from skeletal fluorosis are known to suffer from an increased occurrence of gastrointestinal disorders. When fluoride intake is reduced, these gastrointestinal problems are among the first symptoms to disappear. The following are some of the studies that have examined this issue: "It is clear from the observations presented in this article
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