Abstract
The Assam region of NE India has been recognized only recently as a fluoride-affected area. Surveys indicate that one-seventh of the 700,000 people in the Karbianglong district of Assam have either dental or skeletal fluorosis. The high concentration of fluoride in the water resources in some localities such as the Ramsapathar (>20.6 mg/L) and Lungnit (>15.4 mg/L) areas of the district are of great concern. In this report we present available information concerning the waterborne fluoride scenario of Karbianglong.
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Radiological criteria of industrial fluorosis
The bone radiographs of 43 potroom workers in an aluminium factory, on whom the diagnosis of industrial fluorosis had been confirmed by bone biopsy, are compared with radiographs from 18 control subjects. A higher frequency of ossification of ligament, tendon, and muscle attachments is observed among the fluoride exposed subjects.
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Electrocardiogram analysis of patients with skeletal fluorosis
To investigate the degree of myocardial damage resulting from endemic fluorosis, electrocardiograms of 136 skeletal fluorosis patients from an endemic fluorosis area were compared with electrocardiograms of a control group of 40 normal patients from a non-endemic fluorosis area. The results show that fluoride in drinking water consumed over time
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Fluoride Sources, Toxicity and Fluorosis Management Techniques - A Brief Review.
Highlights Overexposure to fluoride via drinking water causes several health effects including fluorosis Endemic fluorosis is still persisted in several countries even with advancement in research Most of fluorosis management techniques suggested in the past have come with their own drawbacks Defluoridation techniques based on aluminium materials pose serious
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Spirometry changes due to prolonged exposure to high level of fluoride in drinking water
Introduction: fluorosis is dental and skeletal tissue changes due to increase fluoride exposure this can also result in systemic and biochemical changes. Pulmonary involvement is established as a result of toxic exposure to inhaled fluoride however animal studies have shown that chronic fluorosis causes by ingested fluoride can cause marked
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An epidemiological, clinical and biochemical study of endemic, dental and skeletal fluorosis in Punjab
Since 1958 the Department of Medicine, Patiala, has been actively engaged in epidemiological, clinical amd biochemical studies of endemic fluorosis in Punjab, one of the most highly endemic areas in the world. Extensive data on dental, skeletal and neurological aspects of fluorosis have been fully reported in our earlier studles
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Fluoride & Osteoarthritis
While the osteoarthritic effects that occurred from fluoride exposure were once considered to be limited to those with skeletal fluorosis, recent research shows that fluoride can cause osteoarthritis in the absence of traditionally defined fluorosis. Conventional methods used for detecting skeletal fluorosis, therefore, will fail to detect the full range of people suffering from fluoride-induced osteoarthritis.
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Skeletal Fluorosis: The Misdiagnosis Problem
It is a virtual certainty that there are individuals in the general population unknowingly suffering from some form of skeletal fluorosis as a result of a doctor's failure to consider fluoride as a cause of their symptoms. Proof that this is the case can be found in the following case reports of skeletal fluorosis written by doctors in the U.S. and other western countries. As can be seen, a consistent feature of these reports is that fluorosis patients--even those with crippling skeletal fluorosis--are misdiagnosed for years by multiple teams of doctors who routinely fail to consider fluoride as a possible cause of their disease.
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"Pre-Skeletal" Fluorosis
As demonstrated by the studies below, skeletal fluorosis may produce adverse symptoms, including arthritic pains, clinical osteoarthritis, gastrointestinal disturbances, and bone fragility, before the classic bone change of fluorosis (i.e., osteosclerosis in the spine and pelvis) is detectable by x-ray. Relying on x-rays, therefore, to diagnosis skeletal fluorosis will invariably fail to protect those individuals who are suffering from the pre-skeletal phase of the disease. Moreover, some individuals with clinical skeletal fluorosis will not develop an increase in bone density, let alone osteosclerosis, of the spine. Thus, relying on unusual increases in spinal bone density will under-detect the rate of skeletal fluoride poisoning in a population.
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Skeletal Fluorosis Causes Bones to be Brittle & Prone to Fracture
It has been known since as the early as the 1930s that patients with skeletal fluorosis have bone that is more brittle and prone to fracture. More recently, however, researchers have found that fluoride can reduce bone strength before the onset of skeletal fluorosis. Included below are some of the
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Skeletal Fluorosis & Individual Variability
One of the common fallacies in the research on skeletal fluorosis is the notion that there is a uniform level of fluoride that is safe for everyone in the population. These "safety thresholds" have been expressed in terms of (a) bone fluoride content, (b) daily dose, (c) water fluoride level, (d) urinary fluoride level, and (e) blood fluoride level. The central fallacy with each of these alleged safety thresholds, however, is that they ignore the wide range of individual susceptibility in how people respond to toxic substances, including fluoride.
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