Abstract
Background: Preventable thyroid dysfunction has remained a neglected entity worldwide. Excess fluoride consumption over years leads to irreversible thyroid dysfunction.
Materials and Methods: Subjects (N = 275) with thyroid dysfunction were recruited from medicine and endocrinology OPDs/wards and were thoroughly examined. The source and type of water consumed by these subjects was asked and sampled for fluoride analysis.
Results: A majority (75%) of the subjects were females. Hypothyroidism including subclinical hypothyroidism was the major underlying dysfunction. Majority of the afflicted (53%) consumed ground water as their predominant drinking water source. Fluoride content was well above acceptable limits of potability (1mg/L) in ground water and this correlated positively with elevated serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and negatively with free T3 levels in blood. The correlation was statistically significant (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Excess of fluoride in drinking water was the plausible cause of hypothyroidism in study individuals. Fluoridation of water for prevention of dental caries is a policy that can be amended for the sake of this larger picture. Thyroid diseases deserve recognition as non?communicable diseases (NCDs) of public health importance
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Measurement of the content of T3, T4, and TSH in children in endemic fluorosis areas
The contents of T3, T4, TSH, urine fluoride, and urine iodine in 8-12 year-old children [were measured] in endemic fluorosis areas (water fluoride 3.52 mg/L). The results are: T4 content significantly decreased in the blood. T3 and TSH content was significantly elevated, and there is a positive correlation between the
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Analysis of the protective effects of y-aminobutyric acid during fluoride-induced hypothyroidism in male Kunming mice.
CONTEXT: Compounds to treat hypothyroidism in the absence of cardiac side effects are urgently required. In this regard, y-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has gained interest due to its anti-anxiolytic, antihypertensive and antioxidant properties, and reported benefits to the thyroid system. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the ability of GABA to ameliorate fluoride-induced thyroid injury
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Effects of fluoride exposure on thyroid hormone level and intelligence in rats
Objective: To investigate the effects of fluoride exposure on the thyroid hormone level and intelligence in rats and to investigate the biomarkers of intellectual impairment induced by high fluoride exposure. Methods: A total of 24 clean healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group (tap water containing 0.344 mg/L fluoride)
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Analysis on TSH and intelligence level of children with dental fluorosis in a high fluoride area.
Fluoride is one of the indispensable elements for the living being. Excess amounts of fluoride, however, may damage the teeth and bones. Fluoride may also injure the body’s soft tissues, resulting in nonskeletal fluorosis. To further investigate the influence of endemic fluorosis on childhood thyroid function and intelligence, we have selected school-aged children inflicted with dental fluorosis
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Effects of chronic fluorosis on thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and protein-bound iodine in cows
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of chronic fluorosis in cows on their blood serum levels of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and protein-bound iodine (PBI). Data collected from twenty cows with chronic fluorosis in the Tendurek Mountain region (altitude about 2000 m) in East Anatolia, Turkey, were compared
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Fluoride's Impact on Thyroid Hormones
Up through the 1950s, doctors in Europe and South America prescribed fluoride for this purpose in patients with hyperthyroidism. (Merck Index 1968). Fluoride was selected as a thyroid suppressant based on findings dating back to the mid-19th century that fluoride is a goitrogen (a substance that can cause goiter). When used as
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Fluorine in the Aetiology of Endemic Goitre
The distribution of endemic goitre in the Punjab and in England is related to the geological distribution of fluorine and to the distribution of human dental fluorosis (mottled enamel). Inquiry showed the presence of dental fluorosis among school-children in two areas of Somerset where two previous observers had recorded a high incidence of goitre, and the absence of dental fluorosis in an adjoining area selected as control where endemic goitre was absent.
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The Relationship Between Fluoride Exposure & Goitre in South Africa
As a general rule simple goitre, irrespective of the cause, can be very, or fairly, satisfactorily combated by an adequate increase in man's daily iodine intake, except when the enlargement of the gland is due to the ingestion of excessive amounts of fluorine. The only correct solution to fluorine-induced endemic goitre is the removal of this element from the drinking water.
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Mikhailets (1996): Functional state of thyroid under extended exposure to fluorides
Abnormalities in the thyroid function characterized by a decreased iodine absorption function of the thyroid, a low level T3 syndrome, and a slight increase of the TSH level are observed in cases of chronic fluorine intoxication in the industrial workers.
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Fluoride, Water Hardness, and Endemic Goitre
Variations in goitre prevalence were found to correlate closely with the fluoride content (p=0-74; P<0-01) and with the hardness (p=0.77; P<0-01) of the water in each village. The effects of fluoride and water hardness seem to be independent.
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