Abstract
Background: Preventable thyroid dysfunction has remained a neglected entity worldwide. Excess fluoride consumption over years leads to irreversible thyroid dysfunction.
Materials and Methods: Subjects (N = 275) with thyroid dysfunction were recruited from medicine and endocrinology OPDs/wards and were thoroughly examined. The source and type of water consumed by these subjects was asked and sampled for fluoride analysis.
Results: A majority (75%) of the subjects were females. Hypothyroidism including subclinical hypothyroidism was the major underlying dysfunction. Majority of the afflicted (53%) consumed ground water as their predominant drinking water source. Fluoride content was well above acceptable limits of potability (1mg/L) in ground water and this correlated positively with elevated serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and negatively with free T3 levels in blood. The correlation was statistically significant (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Excess of fluoride in drinking water was the plausible cause of hypothyroidism in study individuals. Fluoridation of water for prevention of dental caries is a policy that can be amended for the sake of this larger picture. Thyroid diseases deserve recognition as non?communicable diseases (NCDs) of public health importance
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Effects of fluoridated water on tissues of CSE female mice
Evidence suggests that certain tissues of the body are affected by inorganic fluoride in the diet. Groups of CSE female mice received different concentrations of fluoride in their drinking water for approximately 26 weeks. Slight variation in water and food intake was observed among the groups. Histological observation revealed pathological
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Fluoride exposure and indicators of thyroid functioning in the Canadian population: implications for community water fluoridation.
BACKGROUND: There are concerns that altered thyroid functioning could be the result of ingesting too much fluoride. Community water fluoridation (CWF) is an important source of fluoride exposure. Our objectives were to examine the association between fluoride exposure and (1) diagnosis of a thyroid condition and (2) indicators of thyroid
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Effect of fluorine on thyroidal iodine metabolism in hyperthyroidism
Prolonged administration of a daily dose of 5-10 mg. of fluoride to patients with hyperthyroidism may cause clinical improvement together with a significant fall in the level of plasma protein-bound iodine and a reduction in the basal metabolic rate. Studies with radioactive fluorine failed to demonstrate any important accumulation of
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Measurement of the content of T3, T4, and TSH in children in endemic fluorosis areas
The contents of T3, T4, TSH, urine fluoride, and urine iodine in 8-12 year-old children [were measured] in endemic fluorosis areas (water fluoride 3.52 mg/L). The results are: T4 content significantly decreased in the blood. T3 and TSH content was significantly elevated, and there is a positive correlation between the
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Effect of long-term fluoride administration on thyroid hormones level blood in rats
The effect of 2 months fluoride administration (0.1 and 1.0 mg daily/rat) on thyroxine and triiodothyronine level in blood and T3-resin uptake ratio was investigated in rats. In addition, free thyroxine index was calculated from serum thyroxine level and T3-resin uptake ratio. It was found that fluoride administration caused: 1.
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Fluoride's Impact on Thyroid Hormones
Up through the 1950s, doctors in Europe and South America prescribed fluoride for this purpose in patients with hyperthyroidism. (Merck Index 1968). Fluoride was selected as a thyroid suppressant based on findings dating back to the mid-19th century that fluoride is a goitrogen (a substance that can cause goiter). When used as
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Fluoride, Water Hardness, and Endemic Goitre
Variations in goitre prevalence were found to correlate closely with the fluoride content (p=0-74; P<0-01) and with the hardness (p=0.77; P<0-01) of the water in each village. The effects of fluoride and water hardness seem to be independent.
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Mikhailets (1996): Functional state of thyroid under extended exposure to fluorides
Abnormalities in the thyroid function characterized by a decreased iodine absorption function of the thyroid, a low level T3 syndrome, and a slight increase of the TSH level are observed in cases of chronic fluorine intoxication in the industrial workers.
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NRC (2006): Fluoride's Impact on the Thyroid Gland
Several lines of information indicate an effect of fluoride exposure on thyroid function. It is difficult to predict exactly what effects on thyroid function are likely at what concentration of fluoride exposure and under what circumstances.
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Fluoride Exposure Aggravates the Impact of Iodine Deficiency
A consistent body of animal and human research shows that fluoride exposure worsens the impact of an iodine deficiency. Iodine is the basic building block of the T3 and T4 hormones and thus an adequate iodine intake is essential for the proper functioning of the thyroid gland. When iodine intake is inadequate during infancy and
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