Abstract
Exposure to the fluoride ion can, in sufficient dose, induce neurotoxicity at any age, in both adults and children, but for fluoride-induced neurotoxicity to occur, in response to exposure to low doses of fluoride in the developing brain, the timing of the exposure is of importance. The evidence to date indicates that the developing brain is most sensitive to fluoride-induced neurotoxicity during the intrauterine period. Exposure to a low dose of fluoride later in childhood, at ages approximately 6–13 years, may or may not be associated with a reduction in IQ or school performance. Whether or not fluoride exposure in later childhood is associated with developmental neurotoxicity may reflect the degree to which later childhood exposure parallels intrauterine exposure. In stable societies with a single source of fluoride, such as the water supply, and no fluoride pollution from burning coal or other industrial sources, e.g., the villages of Wamiao and Xinhuai in rural China studied by Xiang et al., a higher correlation may be present between intrauterine and later childhood exposure than in societies where multiple fluoride sources are present such as industrial sources, foods high in fluoride, fluoridated salt, and fluoridated toothpaste, e.g., Mexico City studied by Bashash et al. and Thomas et al. The findings of two recent studies, in 2019, by Soto-Barreras et al. and Green et al. are consistent with this interpretation of the data.
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The Influence of Fluorine on the Disturbances of Homeostasis in the Central Nervous System.
Fluorides occur naturally in the environment, the daily exposure of human organism to fluorine mainly depends on the intake of this element with drinking water and it is connected with the geographical region. In some countries, we can observe the endemic fluorosis-the damage of hard and soft tissues caused by
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Systematic Review of Fluoride Exposure and Neurodevelopmental and Cognitive Health Effects.
BACKGROUND AND AIM: People of all ages are exposed to fluoride from a variety of sources including dental products, drinking water, food, beverages and pharmaceuticals. In some developed countries, fluoride is added to municipal water systems to prevent tooth decay. The National Toxicology Program (NTP) conducted a systematic review of
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A Systems Approach to Remediating Human Exposure to Arsenic and Fluoride From Overexploited Aquifers.
Key Points Overexploiting aquifers increases energy costs and lowers economic productivity by increasing human exposure to geogenic neurotoxins Over a 100 year future time-frame estimated revenue from agro-export will be less than the costs this activity imposes on the population Investing in water treatment substantially lowers costs of deteriorating water quality In
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FDA Drug Safety Communication: FDA review results in new warnings about using general anesthetics and sedation drugs in young children and pregnant women.
The FDA has issued new information about this safety issue, see the FDA Drug Safety Communication issued on 4-27-2017. [ 12-14-2016 ] The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is warning that repeated or lengthy use of general anesthetic and sedation drugs during surgeries or procedures in children younger than 3
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Dietary Fluoride Intake during Pregnancy and Neurodevelopment in Toddlers: A Prospective Study in the PROGRESS Cohort.
Highlights Mexican guidelines recommended a dietary reference intake for fluoride of 2.45 mg/d for adult and pregnant women. Mexico has a salt fluoridation program. High fluoride concentrations are neurotoxic. Median fluoride intake through foods and beverages was estimated to be 1.01 mg/d (0.73, 1.32) in a Mexican pregnancy cohort
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Unheeded Warnings: Government Health Authorities Ignore Fluoride Risk for Kidney Patients
Despite the well known fact that individuals with kidney disease are at much higher risk of fluoride toxicity than the general population, there has yet to be any attempt in the United States, or any other country that practices mass-scale water fluoridation to determine the prevalence of fluoride-related effects (e.g.,
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Fluoride: Developmental Neurotoxicity.
Developmental Neurotoxicity There has been a tremendous amount of research done on the association of exposure to fluoride with developmental neurotoxicity. There are over 60 studies reporting reduced IQ in children and several on the impaired learning/memory in animals. And there are studies which link fluoride to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Teaching
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Fluoride Exposure Aggravates the Impact of Iodine Deficiency
A consistent body of animal and human research shows that fluoride exposure worsens the impact of an iodine deficiency. Iodine is the basic building block of the T3 and T4 hormones and thus an adequate iodine intake is essential for the proper functioning of the thyroid gland. When iodine intake is inadequate during infancy and
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Mayo Clinic: Fluoridation & Bone Disease in Renal Patients
The available evidence suggests that some patients wtih long-term renal failure are being affected by drinking water with as little as 2 ppm fluoride. The finding of adverse effects in patients drinking water with 2 ppm of fluoride suggests that a few similar cases may be found in patients imbibing 1 ppm, especially if large volumes are consumed, or in heavy tea drinkers. The finding of adverse effects in patients drinking water with 2 ppm of fluoride suggests that a few similar cases may be found in patients imbibing 1 ppm, especially if large volumes are consumed, or in heavy tea drinkers and if fluoride is indeed the cause. It would seem prudent, therefore, to monitor the fluoride intake of patients with renal failure living in high fluoride areas.
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Annapolis: Water Fluoridation Linked to Death of Dialysis Patient
EVENING CAPITAL (Annapolis, Maryland) November 29, 1979 Fluoride Linked to Death by Mary Ann Kryzankowicz Staff Writer Fluoride poisoning has been definitely linked to the death of a 65-year-old kidney dialysis patient who became ill during a blood cleaning process Nov 11. State Medical Examiner Dr. (illegible) Guard has ruled that Lawrence Blake, 65, of Arundel
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