Abstract
Sodium fluoride (NaF) has been shown to be cytotoxic and produces inflammatory responses in humans. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying the neurotoxicity of fluoride are unclear. The present study aims to define a possible mechanism of NaF-induced neurotoxicity with respect to apoptosis and intracellular Ca(2+) fluxes. Meanwhile, the cytoprotective role of taurine in intervention, the toxic effects of NaF on neurons, is also investigated. The primary mouse hippocampal neurons were incubated with 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0, and 40.0?mg NaF/L in vitro and Kunming mice were exposed to 0.7, 2.8, and 11.2?mg NaF/kg and 7.5 and 15.0?mg taurine/kg in vivo. Intracellular Ca(2+) fluxes and apoptosis were assayed. Compared with the control, the significant differences of intracellular Ca(2+) concentration and apoptotic peaks were found in 5.0-40.0?mg NaF/L groups in vitro (p?<?0.01) and in the groups of 0.7-11.2?mg NaF/kg in vivo (p?<?0.01). Instantaneously, taurine can minimize F-induced neurotoxicity significantly at doses of 7.5 and 15.0?mg/kg (p?<?0.01). The present study herein suggested that NaF could increase intercellular Ca(2+) concentration leading to apoptosis. Meanwhile, taurine could minimize neurotoxicity caused by fluoride through decreasing intercellular Ca(2+) concentration and cell apoptosis.
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Neuroprotective effect of ascorbic acid and ginkgo biloba against fluoride caused neurotoxicity
Excessive consumption of fluoride through drinking water or other sources lead to skeletal and dental fluorosis. According to the world health organization 23 nations are facing the problem of fluorosis. In the recent past researchers describe the non-skeletal fluorosis where soft tissues and major organs are the victims of fluoride
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Fluoride Stimulates Anxiety- and Depression-like Behaviors Associated with SIK2-CRTC1 Signaling Dysfunction.
Using Sprague-Dawley rats and rat PC12 cells treated with sodium fluoride (NaF), we investigated the effects of SIK2-CRTC1 signaling on the neurobehavioral toxicity induced by fluoride. The in vivo results demonstrated that NaF treatment induced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in juvenile rats, resulting in histological and ultrastructural abnormalities in the
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[Study of the mechanism of neurone apoptosis in rats from the chronic fluorosis].
Objective: Study the mechanism of action chronic fluorosis in neurones. Methods: Terminal deoxyribo-nucleotide transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) and flow cytometry (FCM) were used to observe changes of apoptosis in cerebral cells in chronic fluorosis in rats. Results: TUNEL results show non-random expression of DAB positive stain apoptosis cells which appear
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The Effect of Chronic Fluorosis on Calcium Ions and CaMKIIa, and c-fos Expression in the Rat Hippocampus.
This study investigated neurotoxicity of chronic fluorosis in the rat hippocampus. Newly weaning, male, Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were administered 15, 30, and 60 mg/L sodium fluoride (NaF) solution (fluorine ion concentration 8.25, 16.50, and 33.00 mg/L, respectively), and tap water, for 18 months. The neurotoxicological mechanism was examined with a focus on intracellular
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Mitigating role of quercetin against sodium fluoride-induced oxidative stress in the rat brain
CONTEXT: Quercetin is a well known aglycone flavonoid that is widely found in different food sources. OBJECTIVE: In this study, the in vivo neuroprotective potential of quercetin against sodium fluoride-induced oxidative stress was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Wistar rats were divided into five treatment groups and then subjected to daily
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Fluoride Exposure Increases Metabolic Requirement for Calcium & Vitamin D
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Fluoride Affects Learning & Memory in Animals
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Fluoride's Direct Effects on Brain: Animal Studies
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Fluoride & Oxidative Stress
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