Abstract
Background:
A 2-group randomized field trial was conducted to evaluate the impact of a fluorosis educational preventive program in mother´s knowledge and practices, and on the urine fluoride concentration of their preschool children.
Material and Methods:
A group of 139 mother-child pairs participated in the study. Randomly, children were assigned to an intervention group, their mothers were participants of an educational program, or a control group (CG); including 69 and 70 child-mother pairs, respectively, the follow-up period was six months. Mother´s knowledge and practices were evaluated and children´s first urine sample was used to measure fluoride concentration at the beginning of the study and at the end of the follow-up period.
Results:
The mean age of the children was 4.18 (sd 0.62) years-old at baseline. Mothers in the IG improved their knowledge and practices associated with fluorosis risk factors. Adequate knowledge about the amount of toothpaste to use for brushing improved in the IG (p=0.006). In 82.1% of the children in the IG showed decrease in urine fluoride concentration was observed (p< 0.001), no significant differences were shown in the CG.
Conclusions:
Mothers participating in an education program improved their knowledge and practices, reducing the risk of dental fluorosis in their children who showed a decreased on their urine F concentration.
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Urinary minerals excretion among primary schoolchildren in Dubai—United Arab Emirates.
Introduction Urinary excretion of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), iodine and fluoride is used to assess their statuses and/or the existence of metabolic abnormalities. In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), the urinary concentration of these minerals among children have not been documented. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study, including 593 subjects (232
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Assessing Fluorosis Incidence in Areas with Low Fluoride Content in the Drinking Water, Fluorotic Enamel Architecture, and Composition Alterations.
There is currently no consensus among researchers on the optimal level of fluoride for human growth and health. As drinking water is not the sole source of fluoride for humans, and fluoride can be found in many food sources, this work aimed to determine the incidence and severity of dental
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Fluoride intake and urinary excretion in 6- to 7-year-old children living in optimally, sub-optimally and non-fluoridated areas.
Objectives: This study was designed to measure total intake, urinary excretion and estimated retention of fluoride in children under customary fluoride intake conditions, living in either fluoridated or low-fluoride areas of north-east England. Subsidiary aims were to investigate the relationships between the variables measured. Methods: Using a
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Fractional urinary fluoride excretion and nail fluoride concentrations in normal, wasted and stunted 4-5 year-old children in Nepal.
Highlights It is suggested that undernourished children may be more likely develop dental fluorosis. Fluoride intake and excretion were measured in normal, wasted and stunted children. Proportion of ingested fluoride excreted via urine was not related to nutritional status. Nutritional status affected fingernail- but not toenail- fluoride concentration. Abstract Introduction It has
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Low-to-moderate fluoride exposure in relation to overweight and obesity among school-age children in China.
Highlights A large-scale study on school-age children's health in a Chinese fluorosis area. Low-to-moderate fluoride and children's anthropometric measurements were assessed. Fluoride exposure is related to increased BMI z-score and prevalence of overweight. The significant associations were differed by gender and mainly observed in girls. Associations were stronger among children
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Dental Fluorosis Is a "Hypo-mineralization" of Enamel
Teeth with fluorosis have an increase in porosity in the subsurface enamel ("hypomineralization"). The increased porosity of enamel found in fluorosis is a result of a fluoride-induced impairment in the clearance of proteins (amelogenins) from the developing teeth. Despite over 50 years of research, the exact mechanism by which fluoride impairs amelogin
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Community Fluorosis Index (CFI)
The current Community Fluorosis Index for U.S. adolescents as a whole (from both fluoridated and non-fluoridated areas) is roughly 5 times higher than the CFI health authorities predicted for fluoridated areas when fluoridation first began. It is also higher than the CFI that the NIDR found in fluoridated areas back in the 1980s. It is readily apparent, therefore, that children are ingesting far more fluoride than was the case in the 1950s, and even as recently as the 1980s.
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Dental Fluorosis in the U.S. 1950-2004
Before the widespread use of fluoride in dentistry, dental fluorosis was rarely found in western countries. Today, with virtually every toothpaste now containing fluoride, and most U.S. water supplies containing fluoride chemicals, dental fluorosis rates have reached unprecedented levels. In the 1950s, it was estimated that only 10% of children in
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Severe Dental Fluorosis: Perception and Psychological Impact
[caption id="attachment_8879" align="aligncenter" width="550"] Severe fluorosis - Photograph by David Kennedy, DDS[/caption] In its severe forms, dental fluorosis causes highly disfiguring brown and black staining of the teeth, which can cause chronic embarrassment and social anxiety for the impacted child. In 1984, a panel from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) warned
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Mayo Clinic: Fluoridation & Bone Disease in Renal Patients
The available evidence suggests that some patients wtih long-term renal failure are being affected by drinking water with as little as 2 ppm fluoride. The finding of adverse effects in patients drinking water with 2 ppm of fluoride suggests that a few similar cases may be found in patients imbibing 1 ppm, especially if large volumes are consumed, or in heavy tea drinkers. The finding of adverse effects in patients drinking water with 2 ppm of fluoride suggests that a few similar cases may be found in patients imbibing 1 ppm, especially if large volumes are consumed, or in heavy tea drinkers and if fluoride is indeed the cause. It would seem prudent, therefore, to monitor the fluoride intake of patients with renal failure living in high fluoride areas.
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