Abstract
More than 500 million people live in communities with artificially or naturally fluoridated drinking water that has been treated with 1 ppm or more of fluoride. Workers in aluminum plants, phosphate fertilizer plants and other fluoride-related factories are also exposed to high concentrations of fluoride. It is reported that workers in aluminum plants suffer from an increased risk of leukemia. To date, information concerning the topic remains controversial. It is important to evaluate the genotoxic effects of fluoride by in vivo test systems because of its increasing usage. We tested the induction of mutagenic effects by in vivo and in vitro bone marrow micronucleus tests. A significant increase in micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes was observed 24 h after intraperitoneal injection of sodium fluoride at a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight. In the in vitro micronucleus test, the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes was increased significantly at concentrations of 2 and 4 mM. These results indicate that the micronucleus test may be useful in evaluating the cancer risk of sodium fluoride.
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Mutagenic effect of hydrogen fluoride on animals
The mutagenic effect of hydrogen fluoride in concentration 1.0 mg/m-3 was studied in rats and mice. Prolonged inhalation of this compound increased the frequency of cells with chromosome abnormalities in the bone marrow of albino rats. The mutagenic effect was higher in older animals. No dominant-lethal effect was observed in
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Amelioration by melatonin of chromosomal anomalies induced by arsenic and/or fluoride in human blood lymphocyte cultures
Standard cytochemical methods were used to investigate the ameliorative effect of melatonin (0.2 mM) on chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocyte cultures induced by arsenic (As2O3, 1.4 ?M) and/or fluoride (NaF, 34 ?M). As2O3 and/or NaF generated a significant increase in the incidence of chromosomal aberrations as compared to control levels.
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Chronic fluoride exposure does not cause detrimental, extraskeletal effects in nutritionally deficient rats
On the basis of observations that endemic fluorosis occurs more often in malnourished populations, a series of studies tested the hypothesis that deficient dietary intake of calcium, protein or energy affects fluoride metabolism so that the margin of safe fluoride exposure may be reduced. The objective of the investigation was
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Effects of different concentrations of fluoride in oral mucosal cells in albino rats
INTRODUCTION: Fluoride has been described to be physiologically essential for the normal development and growth of human beings. However, it is well known that excessive fluoride causes skeletal, nonskeletal and dental complications. Therefore, outlining the cytogenetic effects induced by fluorosis is necessary. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the cytomorphology of exfoliated oral mucosal
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The influence of atmospheric hydrogen fluoride on the frequency of sex-linked recessive lethals and sterility in Drosophila Melanogaster
The influence of hydrogen fluoride as an atmospheric contaminant was investigated in the Oregon-r strain of Drosophila melanogaster. Two principal parameters of mutagenicity were used: sex-linked recessive lethals and sterility. The flies were subjected to various levels of HF in fumigation chambers. Sex-linked recessive lethal mutation frequency increasd at each level
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Fluoride's Mutagenicity: In vitro Studies
According to the National Toxicology Program, "the preponderance of evidence" from laboratory "in vitro" studies indicate that fluoride is a mutagenic compound. Many substances which are mutagens, are also carcinogens (i.e. they can cause cancer). As is typical for in vitro studies, the concentrations of fluoride that have generally been tested
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Fluoride & Liver Cancers in NTP Bioassay
On October 28, 1988, Battelle Columbus Laboratories submitted its Final Report to the NTP concerning the results of the Mouse study. The principal finding of Battelle's report was that a dose-dependent increase of a rare liver cancer (hepatocholangiocarcinoma) had occurred in the fluoride-treated male and female mice.
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Fluoride & Osteosarcoma: A Timeline
Several human epidemiological studies have found an association between fluoride in drinking water and the occurrence of osteosarcoma (bone cancer) in young males. These studies are consistent with the National Toxicology Program's (NTP) cancer bioassay which found that fluoride-treated male rats had an dose-dependent increase in osteosarcoma. Although a number of studies have failed to detect an association between fluoride and osteosarcoma, none of these studies have measured the risk of fluoride at specific windows in time, which based on recent results, is the critical question with respect to fluoride and osteosarcoma.
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Fluoride's Mutagenicity: In vivo Studies
Consistent with dozens of in vitro studies, a number of in vivo studies, in both humans and animals, have found evidence of fluoride-induced genetic damage. In particular, research on humans exposed to high levels of fluoride have found increased levels of "sister chromatid exchange" (SCE). As noted in one study: "In
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Micronucleus and Sister Chromatid Exchange Frequency in Endemic Fluorosis
The rise of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and micronucleus (MN) in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of the fluorine-intoxicated patients indicates that fluorine is a mutagenic agent which can cause DNA and chromosomal damage.
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