Abstract
More than 500 million people live in communities with artificially or naturally fluoridated drinking water that has been treated with 1 ppm or more of fluoride. Workers in aluminum plants, phosphate fertilizer plants and other fluoride-related factories are also exposed to high concentrations of fluoride. It is reported that workers in aluminum plants suffer from an increased risk of leukemia. To date, information concerning the topic remains controversial. It is important to evaluate the genotoxic effects of fluoride by in vivo test systems because of its increasing usage. We tested the induction of mutagenic effects by in vivo and in vitro bone marrow micronucleus tests. A significant increase in micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes was observed 24 h after intraperitoneal injection of sodium fluoride at a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight. In the in vitro micronucleus test, the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes was increased significantly at concentrations of 2 and 4 mM. These results indicate that the micronucleus test may be useful in evaluating the cancer risk of sodium fluoride.
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Mutual interactions among ingredients of betel quid in inducing genotoxicity on Chinese hamster ovary cells
The purpose of this study is to explore the mutual interactions among the chemical ingredients of betel quid including arecoline, sodium fluoride, catechin and glycyrrhizin in producing genotoxicity on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells using the micronucleus method. Our results show that arecoline at a rather low concentration of 0.2-2
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Fluoride in the Central Nervous System and Its Potential Influence on the Development and Invasiveness of Brain Tumours-A Research Hypothesis.
The purpose of this review is to attempt to outline the potential role of fluoride in the pathogenesis of brain tumours, including glioblastoma (GBM). In this paper, we show for the first time that fluoride can potentially affect the generally accepted signalling pathways implicated in the formation and clinical course
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Cytogenetic analysis of human lymphocytes of fluorosis-affected men from the endemic fluorosis region in Nalgonda district of Andhra Pradesh, India
Cytogenetic analysis was carried out on human lymphocytes of 73 fluorosis-affected men from the endemic fluorosis region in Nalgonda district of Andhra Pradesh, India, who were drinking water with a mean concentration of fluoride (F) of 4.13± 0.55 mg/L, range 1.56–8. 36 mg/L. Eighty healthy men, of a similar age
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Ameliorative effects of N-acetylcysteine on fluoride-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in male rats' testis
This study was to elucidate DNA damage in rats treated with sodium fluoride (NaF) by performing 8-Hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) immunohistochemical staining assays on seminiferous tubules of rats' testis, and also to evaluate the protective effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on spermatogenesis. Male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were exposed to a single dose
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The effects of sodium fluoride and iodacetamide on mutation induction by x-irradiation in mature spermatoza of drosophila
The effect of two inhibitors of glycolysis, NaF and iodacetamide on the production of recessive lethal mutations by X-rays in mature Drosophila sperm has been investigated. Pre-treatment with NaF resulted in a consistent and highly significant increase of the mutation frequency. This effect is thought to result from interference with
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Micronucleus and Sister Chromatid Exchange Frequency in Endemic Fluorosis
The rise of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and micronucleus (MN) in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of the fluorine-intoxicated patients indicates that fluorine is a mutagenic agent which can cause DNA and chromosomal damage.
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Fluoride's Mutagenicity: The "Oral Health Research Institute's" Studies
Although many in vitro and in vivo studies have detected mutagenic effects from fluoride exposure, the Oral Health Research Institute at Indiana University's School of Dentistry has repeatedly failed to find any such effect in multiple studies on the subject.
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Fluoride & Osteosarcoma: A Timeline
Several human epidemiological studies have found an association between fluoride in drinking water and the occurrence of osteosarcoma (bone cancer) in young males. These studies are consistent with the National Toxicology Program's (NTP) cancer bioassay which found that fluoride-treated male rats had an dose-dependent increase in osteosarcoma. Although a number of studies have failed to detect an association between fluoride and osteosarcoma, none of these studies have measured the risk of fluoride at specific windows in time, which based on recent results, is the critical question with respect to fluoride and osteosarcoma.
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Fluoride's Mutagenicity: In vivo Studies
Consistent with dozens of in vitro studies, a number of in vivo studies, in both humans and animals, have found evidence of fluoride-induced genetic damage. In particular, research on humans exposed to high levels of fluoride have found increased levels of "sister chromatid exchange" (SCE). As noted in one study: "In
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NTP Bioassay on Fluoride/Cancer (1990)
In 1977, the U.S. Congress requested that animal studies be conducted to determine if fluoride can cause cancer. The result of the Congressional request was an extensive animal study conducted in the 1980s by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) and published in 1990. The main finding of NTP's study was a dose-dependent increase in osteosarcoma (bone cancer) among the fluoride-treated male rats.
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