Abstract
Since 1958 the Department of Medicine, Patiala, has been actively engaged in epidemiological, clinical amd biochemical studies of endemic fluorosis in Punjab, one of the most highly endemic areas in the world. Extensive data on dental, skeletal and neurological aspects of fluorosis have been fully reported in our earlier studles (1-5). The object of the present communication is to evaluate the role of various lectors associated with F toxicity. Even where F levels in the water are identical, variations in the incidence of F
intoxication clearly point to the existence of causative factors in addition to fluoride.
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[Genetic markers of occupational susceptibility to fluorosis].
To determine markers showing propensity to occupational fluorosis, the authors studied prevalence of ABO, Rh, MN, ABH and Lewis phenotypes, systemic rhesus haplotypes in 229 workers engaged into aluminum production. Propensity to occupational fluorosis was marked by P (+), O (ABO) phenotypes. P (-) phenotype appeared to be a marker
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Exposure to fluoride in smelter workers in a primary aluminum industry in India
BACKGROUND: Fluoride is used increasingly in a variety of industries in India. Emission of fluoride dust and fumes from the smelters of primary aluminum producing industries is dissipated in the work environment and poses occupational health hazards. OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of health complaints and its association with fluoride level
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Effect of combined therapy with sodium fluoride, vitamin D and calcium in osteoporosis
Fluoride administration in both man and animals has been shown to stimulate new bone formation. However, the bone is poorly mineralized, and osteomalacia and secondary hyperparathyroidism frequently occur. In this study we investigated the effect of variable levels of fluoride and calcium intake, accompanied by vitamin D, on osteoporosis in
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Endemic fluorosis: a study of the factors involved in the production of mottled enamel in children and severe bone manifestations in adults
Summary and Conclusions A detailed study of the factors involved in the production of "mottled enamel" in children and severe bone manifestations in adults; as a result of the ingestion of fluorides in drinking water, has been made during the last three years. This study revealed: 1. "Mottled enamel" in children was
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Skeletal fluorosis in relation to drinking water, nutritional status and living habits in rural areas of Maharashtra, India
The present study was carried out during May 2010 to December 2011 in three villages which were randomly selected from Warora tehsil of Chandrapur district which is one of the endemic district of Maharashtra. . . . All the presently available ground water samples were collected and the mean fluoride concentration
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Skeletal Fluorosis: The Misdiagnosis Problem
It is a virtual certainty that there are individuals in the general population unknowingly suffering from some form of skeletal fluorosis as a result of a doctor's failure to consider fluoride as a cause of their symptoms. Proof that this is the case can be found in the following case reports of skeletal fluorosis written by doctors in the U.S. and other western countries. As can be seen, a consistent feature of these reports is that fluorosis patients--even those with crippling skeletal fluorosis--are misdiagnosed for years by multiple teams of doctors who routinely fail to consider fluoride as a possible cause of their disease.
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"Pre-Skeletal" Fluorosis
As demonstrated by the studies below, skeletal fluorosis may produce adverse symptoms, including arthritic pains, clinical osteoarthritis, gastrointestinal disturbances, and bone fragility, before the classic bone change of fluorosis (i.e., osteosclerosis in the spine and pelvis) is detectable by x-ray. Relying on x-rays, therefore, to diagnosis skeletal fluorosis will invariably fail to protect those individuals who are suffering from the pre-skeletal phase of the disease. Moreover, some individuals with clinical skeletal fluorosis will not develop an increase in bone density, let alone osteosclerosis, of the spine. Thus, relying on unusual increases in spinal bone density will under-detect the rate of skeletal fluoride poisoning in a population.
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Fluoridation, Dialysis & Osteomalacia
In the 1960s and 1970s, doctors discovered that patients receiving kidney dialysis were accumulating very high levels of fluoride in their bones and blood, and that this exposure was associated with severe forms of osteomalacia, a bone-softening disease that leads to weak bones and often excruciating bone pain. Based on
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Kidney Patients Are at Increased Risk of Fluoride Poisoning
It is well established that individuals with kidney disease are susceptible to suffering bone damage and other ill effects from low levels of fluoride exposure. Kidney patients are at elevated risk because when kidneys are damaged they are unable to efficiently excrete fluoride from the body. As a result, kidney patients
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Factors which increase the risk for skeletal fluorosis
The risk for developing skeletal fluorosis, and the course the disease will take, is not solely dependent on the dose of fluoride ingested. Indeed, people exposed to similar doses of fluoride may experience markedly different effects. While the wide range in individual response to fluoride is not yet fully understood, the following are some of the factors that are believed to play a role.
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