Abstract

To investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of the action of fluoride on testis cell cycle and cell apoptosis in male mice, sexually mature male Kunming mice were exposed to 50, 100, 200, and 300 mg NaF/L in their drinking water for 8 weeks. At the end of the exposure peri ods, sperm quality, the percentage of G1/ G0 (Gap 1/Gap 0), S (synthesis), G2/M (G ap2/M, minosis), and apoptosis rate in testicle cells were measured using flow cytometry. Serum and testicular testosterone levels were determined with a radio immunoassay (RIA) kit. Effects on sperm quality and oxidative stress were also observed. Different dosages of NaF also altered the changes in the testicular cell cycle. Compared to the control, the testicular cell cycle of mice drinking 50 or 100 mg NaF/L was not significantly affected (P>0.05). However, with the higher NaF concentrations of 200 and 300 mg/L, the percentage of cells in G1/G0 phase increased significantly (P <0.01), whereas those in S phase decreased significantly (P<0.01). On the other hand, the percentage of cells in G2/M phase was similar to that of the control. In the two higher NaF concentration groups, distinct cell apoptosis of testis was observed. Likewise, sperm quality and antioxidant defenses were significantly reduced and oxidative stress occurred, whereas these effects were only slight at the lower NaF concentrations. Serum and testicular testosterone levels were also significantly lower at 100, 200, and 300 mg NaF/L (P<0.01), compared with the control group.

• Related Studies :

  • Interleukin 17A deficiency alleviates fluoride-induced testicular injury by inhibiting the immune response and apoptosis.

    Highlights Exposure to high-levels of fluoride causes reproductive toxicity in humans. Increased testes toxicity and inflammation were seen in a mouse model of fluorosis. The NaF-mediated testes toxicity and inflammation were absent in IL-17A -/- mice. In Leydig cells IL-17A and/or NaF increased apoptosis and decreased testosterone. Il-17A appears

  • Vitamin C and E supplementation can ameliorate NaF mediated testicular and spermatozoal DNA damages in adult Wistar rats.

    Objective: Present study was designed to explore the efficacy of vitamin C and E (VC&VE) against fluoride mediated testicular, epididymal and spermatozoal anomalies. Materials and methods: Thirty two adult Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Group-I was control; Group-II received sodium fluoride (NaF) at 15 mg/kg/day

  • Induction of oxidative stress on reproductive and metabolic organs in sodium fluoride-treated male albino rats: protective effect of testosterone and vitamin E coadministration

    The present study was undertaken to search out the effect of sodium fluoride, a water pollutant noted throughout the world, including India, on oxidative stress induction in reproductive tissues, sperm pellet, and metabolic tissues like the liver and kidney. The protective effects of testosterone or vitamin-E coadministration were also observed

  • Fluoride Compromises Testicular Redox Sensor, Gap Junction Protein, and Metabolic Status: Amelioration by Melatonin.

    The excess fluoride intake has been shown to adversely affect male reproductive health. The aim of the present study was to investigate the key mechanism underlying fluoride-induced testicular dysfunction and the role of melatonin as a modulator of testicular metabolic, oxidative, and inflammatory load. The present results indicated that sodium

  • Effect of long-term fluoride exposure on lipid peroxidation and histology of testes in first- and second-generation rats

    This experiment was designed to investigate the histological and lipid peroxidation effects of chronic fluorosis on testes tissues of first- and second-generation rats. Sixteen virgin female Wistar rats were mated with eight males (2:1) for approximately 12 h to obtain first-generation rats. Pregnant rats were divided into two groups: controls

• Related FAN Content :

  • Fluoride's Effect on Male Reproductive System -- The "Sprando/Collins" Anomaly

    In contrast to the findings of over 60 animal studies from other research teams, a series of studies by FDA researchers Sprando & Collins reported virtually no evidence of reproductive toxicity among animals treated with very high levels of fluoride exposure. The reasons for this discrepancy remains unclear. Excerpts from Sprando/Collins' Studies: "This study

  • Fluoride's Effect on Male Reproductive System - Human Studies

    Consistent with in vitro and animal research, studies of human populations have reported associations between fluoride exposure and damage to the male reproductive system. Most notably, a scientist at the Food & Drug Administration reported in 1994 that populations in the United States with more than 3 ppm fluoride in their water had lower "total fertility rates" than populations with lower fluoride levels.

  • Fluoride's Effect on Male Reproductive System: Animal Studies

    Over 60 studies on animals (including rats, mice, roosters, and rabbits) have found that fluoride adversely impacts the male reproductive system. These studies have repeatedly found the following effects: (1) decreases in testosterone levels; (2) reduced sperm motility; (3) altered sperm morphology; (4) reduced sperm quantity; (5) increased oxidative stress; (6) and reduced capacity to breed.

  • Fluoride & Oxidative Stress

    A vast body of research demonstrates that fluoride exposure increases oxidative stress. Based on this research, it is believed that fluoride-induced oxidative stress is a key mechanism underlying the various toxic effects associated with fluoride exposure. It is also well established that fluoride's toxic effects can be ameliorated by exposure

  • Fluoride's Effect on the Male Reproductive System -- In Vitro Studies

    Carefully controlled in vitro studies have found that direct exposure of fluoride to the testes or semen inhibits testosterone production and damages sperm. While researchers have known since the 1930s that mega concentrations of fluoride can completely (but reversibly) immobilize sperm, it was not until the 1970s and 1980s that researchers found that relatively modest concentrations of fluoride could cause damage prior to complete immobilization.