Abstract
The acute toxicity of hydrofluoric acid (HFA) was investigated in a 24-hour lethal dose study of intravenous injection in rats. The LD50 and LD90 were 17.4 and 23.0 mg/kg, respectively. Harmful systemic effects were also studied 1 hour after acute sublethal exposure to HFA. Rats were injected with HFA (1.6, 3.2, 6.4, or 9.6(LD5) mg/kg) or saline. Blood samples were obtained from the carotid artery. BUN and Cr were significantly increased in response to HFA concentrations greater than 3.2 mg/kg. Acute glomerular dysfunction also occurred at HFA concentrations greater than 3.2 mg/kg. PCO2, HCO3– and base excess were significantly decreased in the 6.4 and 9.6 mg/kg groups. Total and ionized calcium was significantly decreased, and potassium was increased in the 9.6 mg/kg group. Ionized fluoride exposure directly affected serum electrolytes. Mortality was thought to be due to cardiac arrhythmia resulting from hypocalcemia and hyperkalemia. Metabolic acidosis and renal failure were severe in response to HFA exposure. Even low exposure to HFA can cause acute renal dysfunction, electrolyte abnormalities and metabolic acidosis. These complications result in a poor prognosis.
-
-
Systematic impacts of fluoride exposure on the metabolomics of rats.
Highlights The risk of chronic endemic fluorosis exists in many countries and regions. Comprehensive metabolomic analysis was used to study the effects of fluoride. Multivariate statistics were used to detect metabolite profile changes. Fluoride exposure caused amino acid, fatty acid, and energy metabolism disorders. Fluoride exposure caused oxidative stress,
-
The relationship between human ionic plasma fluoride and serum creatinine concentrations in cases of renal and cardiac insufficiency in a fluoridated community
Previous studies have shown that renal and cardiac insufficiency cause an elevation of ionic plasma fluoride (IPF) concentration in patients suffering from these diseases. The relationship between serum or plasma fluoride concentration and the degree of renal impairment has been tested only twice; with somewhat contrasting results, although some previous
-
Effects of melatonin and epiphyseal proteins on fluoride-induced adverse changes in antioxidant status of heart, liver, and kidney of rats
Several experimental and clinical reports indicated the oxidative stress-mediated adverse changes in vital organs of human and animal in fluoride (F) toxicity. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the therapeutic effect of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) epiphyseal (pineal) proteins (BEP) and melatonin (MEL) against F-induced oxidative stress in heart,
-
Studies on the DNA and RNA contents of heart, liver and kidney of rats with chronic fluorosis
17 rats with chronic fluorosis induced by prolonged drinking of water containing 50 ppm fluorine and 17 rats drinking low-fluorine water served as control were used to study the DNA and RNA contents of heart, liver and kidney. The findings suggest that excessive accumulation of fluorine can suppress the synthesis
-
Fluorosis in Aden
The cases to be described here occurred in the Aden Protectorate where for the last 12 years mass screening of the chest to exclude pulmonary tuberculosis has been carried out. The patients had all drunk the brackish water from the wells, and the analysis of the water from a well
Related Studies :
-
-
-
Fluoride as a Cause of Kidney Disease in Animals
Because the kidney is exposed to higher concentrations of fluoride than all other soft tissues (with the exception of the pineal gland), there is concern that excess fluoride exposure may contribute to kidney disease - thus initiating a "vicious cycle" where the damaged kidneys increase the accumulation of fluoride, causing in
-
Kidney: A potential target for fluoride toxicity
The kidneys are the organ responsible for clearing fluoride from the body. In the process of doing so, the kidneys are exposed to concentrations of fluoride that exceed, by a factor of 50, the concentration of fluoride in human blood. As such, the kidney have long been considered a potential
-
Fluoride & Electrocardiogram Abnormalities
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity of the heart. An ECG can reveal heart rate, heart rhythym (i.e. steady or irregular), and the strength and timing of the heart’s natural electrical signals. ECGs are described in terms of “waves” (e.g. amplitude and duration). Problems
-
Fluoridation of drinking water and chronic kidney disease: Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence
A fairly substantial body of research indicates that patients with chronic renal insufficiency are at an increased risk of chronic fluoride toxicity. Patients with reduced glomerular filtration rates have a decreased ability to excrete fluoride in the urine. These patients may develop skeletal fluorosis even at 1 ppm fluoride in the drinking water.
-
Fluoride Gels & Kidney Function
Scientists have found that the application of "Fluoride Gels" at the dental office causes very high spikes in the blood fluoride level. The high spikes in blood fluoride levels are a result of three factors: the high concentration of fluoride in the gel (= 12.3 mg of fluoride in each
Related FAN Content :
-