Abstract
The acute toxicity of hydrofluoric acid (HFA) was investigated in a 24-hour lethal dose study of intravenous injection in rats. The LD50 and LD90 were 17.4 and 23.0 mg/kg, respectively. Harmful systemic effects were also studied 1 hour after acute sublethal exposure to HFA. Rats were injected with HFA (1.6, 3.2, 6.4, or 9.6(LD5) mg/kg) or saline. Blood samples were obtained from the carotid artery. BUN and Cr were significantly increased in response to HFA concentrations greater than 3.2 mg/kg. Acute glomerular dysfunction also occurred at HFA concentrations greater than 3.2 mg/kg. PCO2, HCO3– and base excess were significantly decreased in the 6.4 and 9.6 mg/kg groups. Total and ionized calcium was significantly decreased, and potassium was increased in the 9.6 mg/kg group. Ionized fluoride exposure directly affected serum electrolytes. Mortality was thought to be due to cardiac arrhythmia resulting from hypocalcemia and hyperkalemia. Metabolic acidosis and renal failure were severe in response to HFA exposure. Even low exposure to HFA can cause acute renal dysfunction, electrolyte abnormalities and metabolic acidosis. These complications result in a poor prognosis.
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Effects of melatonin and epiphyseal proteins on fluoride-induced adverse changes in antioxidant status of heart, liver, and kidney of rats
Several experimental and clinical reports indicated the oxidative stress-mediated adverse changes in vital organs of human and animal in fluoride (F) toxicity. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the therapeutic effect of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) epiphyseal (pineal) proteins (BEP) and melatonin (MEL) against F-induced oxidative stress in heart,
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The relationship between human ionic plasma fluoride and serum creatinine concentrations in cases of renal and cardiac insufficiency in a fluoridated community
Previous studies have shown that renal and cardiac insufficiency cause an elevation of ionic plasma fluoride (IPF) concentration in patients suffering from these diseases. The relationship between serum or plasma fluoride concentration and the degree of renal impairment has been tested only twice; with somewhat contrasting results, although some previous
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Fluorosis in Aden
The cases to be described here occurred in the Aden Protectorate where for the last 12 years mass screening of the chest to exclude pulmonary tuberculosis has been carried out. The patients had all drunk the brackish water from the wells, and the analysis of the water from a well
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Studies on the DNA and RNA contents of heart, liver and kidney of rats with chronic fluorosis
17 rats with chronic fluorosis induced by prolonged drinking of water containing 50 ppm fluorine and 17 rats drinking low-fluorine water served as control were used to study the DNA and RNA contents of heart, liver and kidney. The findings suggest that excessive accumulation of fluorine can suppress the synthesis
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Author Correction: Sodium fluoride induces nephrotoxicity via oxidative stress-regulated mitochondrial SIRT3 signaling pathway.
Accumulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of fluorosis. As the main mitochondrial deacetylase, SIRT3 is closely associated with oxidative stress. To investigate the role of SIRT3 in response to sodium fluoride (NaF)-induced nephrotoxicity. Our results showed that NaF treatment impaired mitochondrial ultrastructure, decreased
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Kidney: A potential target for fluoride toxicity
The kidneys are the organ responsible for clearing fluoride from the body. In the process of doing so, the kidneys are exposed to concentrations of fluoride that exceed, by a factor of 50, the concentration of fluoride in human blood. As such, the kidney have long been considered a potential
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Fluoride & Arteriosclerosis
Healthy arteries are flexible and elastic, allowing efficient transfer of blood and nutrients from the heart to the rest of the body. Arteriosclerosis refers to a stiffening of the arteries, including loss of elasticity. This is a slow, progressive disease that may begin early in life from damage to the
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Fluoride, Blood Pressure and Hypertension
Individuals with blood pressure readings that exceed 140/90 are considered hypertensive. Hypertension can increase the risk of stroke, heart attack, heart failure, aortic aneurysms, and peripheral arterial disease. An association between increased fluoride in ground water and increased prevalence of hypertension has been observed, especially among adult males (Amini et
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Fluoride & Kidney Stones
It has long been suspected that fluoride may contribute to the formation of kidney stones. This suspicion has recently gained support from a study of an American man with skeletal fluorosis. According to the authors: "A new, important, medical problem (that seemed temporally related to cessation of fluoride exposure and subsequent negative calcium
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Fluoride Gels & Kidney Function
Scientists have found that the application of "Fluoride Gels" at the dental office causes very high spikes in the blood fluoride level. The high spikes in blood fluoride levels are a result of three factors: the high concentration of fluoride in the gel (= 12.3 mg of fluoride in each
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