Abstract
In rats which received drinking water containing 0, 3, 6, 12, 25 ppm NaF (F-) for 20 months, hyperplastic nodules, consisting of thyroid parafollicular cells (C cells) appeared in all F- groups, particularly in those which received 12 and 25 ppm. By immuno-histochemistry and electron microscopy, both calcitonin and characteristic secretary granules were detected in the cytoplasm of these hyperplastic cells. This morphological result was substantiated by the striking increase in the serum value of calcitonin, seen simulataneously in rats with hyperplasia of parafollicular cells. Furthermore, whereas the thyroid follicles were larger in size in the F-groups than in controls, the differences were not markedly significant.
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Pathological changes in the tissues of rats (albino) and monkeys (macaca radiata) in fluorine toxicosis
1. Stomach, duodenum, small intestine, kidney, liver, spleen, skin, heart, aorta, lungs, brain, pancreas, adrenals, thyroid and parathyroid of rats and monkeys suffering from chronic fluorosis have been histologically examined. 2. Fluorine has not been found to have any effect on the heart muscle, aorta, skin and parathyroids, whereas it has
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y-Aminobutyric acid ameliorates fluoride-induced hypothyroidism in male kunming mice
AIM: This study evaluated the protective effects of y-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a non-protein amino acid and anti-oxidant, against fluoride-induced hypothyroidism in mice. MAIN METHODS: light microscope sample preparation technique and TEM sample preparation technique were used to assay thyroid microstructure and ultrastructure; enzyme immunoassay method was used to assay hormone and
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[Expressions of iNOS and VEGF mRNAs in thyroid gland of rat with goiter induced by fluoride].
To investigate the mechanism of goiter caused by fluoride, goiter model of SD rats was produced by administering sodium fluoride in drinking water. Histological section of thyroid gland was made, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and vessel endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were determined by RT-PCR. Results showed that the
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Fluoride-induced thyroid proliferative changes and their reversal in female mice and their pups.
To determine effects of fluoride on thyroid function in suckling mice, adult female mice were given 500 ppm NaF (226 ppm F–) in their drinking water from the 15th day of pregnancy until either the 4th or 14th day after parturition. On day 14 of full-period treatment, pups and their
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Carbamylcholine, TRH, PGF2 alpha and fluoride enhance free intracellular Ca++ and Ca++ translocation in dog thyroid cells
Effects on Ca++ translocation and [Ca++]i were studied in dog thyroïd cell monolayers using both 45Ca++ efflux and the indicator quin-2. Carbamylcholine, a non hydrolysable analog of acetylcholine, through muscarinic receptors, and to a lesser extent TRH and PGF2 alpha increased both these parameters. [Ca++]i increased by 171, 100 and
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Fluorine in the Aetiology of Endemic Goitre
The distribution of endemic goitre in the Punjab and in England is related to the geological distribution of fluorine and to the distribution of human dental fluorosis (mottled enamel). Inquiry showed the presence of dental fluorosis among school-children in two areas of Somerset where two previous observers had recorded a high incidence of goitre, and the absence of dental fluorosis in an adjoining area selected as control where endemic goitre was absent.
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Fluoride, Water Hardness, and Endemic Goitre
Variations in goitre prevalence were found to correlate closely with the fluoride content (p=0-74; P<0-01) and with the hardness (p=0.77; P<0-01) of the water in each village. The effects of fluoride and water hardness seem to be independent.
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Fluoride's Impact on Thyroid Hormones
Up through the 1950s, doctors in Europe and South America prescribed fluoride for this purpose in patients with hyperthyroidism. (Merck Index 1968). Fluoride was selected as a thyroid suppressant based on findings dating back to the mid-19th century that fluoride is a goitrogen (a substance that can cause goiter). When used as
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NRC (2006): Fluoride's Impact on the Thyroid Gland
Several lines of information indicate an effect of fluoride exposure on thyroid function. It is difficult to predict exactly what effects on thyroid function are likely at what concentration of fluoride exposure and under what circumstances.
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Fluoride Exposure Aggravates the Impact of Iodine Deficiency
A consistent body of animal and human research shows that fluoride exposure worsens the impact of an iodine deficiency. Iodine is the basic building block of the T3 and T4 hormones and thus an adequate iodine intake is essential for the proper functioning of the thyroid gland. When iodine intake is inadequate during infancy and
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