Abstract
Proxy exposure measures and readily available data from the Wisconsin Cancer Reporting System were used to contrast 167 osteosarcoma cases with 989 frequency-matched cancer referents reported during 1979-1989. Differences in potential exposure to water-borne radiation and fluoridated drinking water, population size for the listed place of residence, and seasonality were assessed. An association was found between osteosarcoma and residence in a population of less than 9,000 (odds ratio = 1.6, 95% confidence interval = 1.1-2.4). In addition, an association between month of birth (May through July versus other months of birth) and osteosarcoma among individuals who were less than 25 y of age (odds ratio = 1.9, 95% confidence interval = 1.1-3.4). Overall, no association was found between potential exposure to fluoridated drinking water and osteosarcoma (odds ratio = 1.0, 95% confidence interval = 0.6-1.5). The association between osteosarcoma and water-borne radiation was weak and was not significant statistically (odds ratio = 1.5, 95% confidence interval = 0.8-2.8).
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Fluoridation and cancer: The biology and epidemiology of bone and oral cancer related to fluoridation
Recent studies showing substantial increases in the incidence of bone cancer and osteosarcoma in,males (but not females) exposed to fluoride gave us the unique opportunity of using females as a control group to determine whether there is a link: between fluoridation and bone cancer in males. Using three different data
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Fluoride exposure in public drinking water and childhood and adolescent osteosarcoma in Texas.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between fluoride levels in public drinking water and childhood and adolescent osteosarcoma in Texas; to date, studies examining this relationship have been equivocal. Using areas with high and low naturally occurring fluoride, as well as areas with optimal fluoridation,
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Revisiting the fluoride-osteosarcoma connection in the context of Elise Bassin's findings: part I
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Serum fluoride and sialic acid levels in osteosarcoma
Osteosarcoma is a rare malignant bone tumor most commonly occurring in children and young adults presenting with painful swelling. Various etiological factors for osteosarcoma are ionizing radiation, family history of bone disorders and cancer, chemicals (fluoride, beryllium, and vinyl chloride), and viruses. Status of fluoride levels in serum of osteosarcoma
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Fluoride in drinking water and osteosarcoma incidence rates in the continental United States among children and adolescents
INTRODUCTION: It has been suggested that fluoride in drinking water may increase the risk of osteosarcoma in children and adolescents, although the evidence is inconclusive. We investigated the association between community water fluoridation (CWF) and osteosarcoma in childhood and adolescence in the continental U.S. METHODS: We used the cumulative osteosarcoma
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Fluoride's Mutagenicity: In vitro Studies
According to the National Toxicology Program, "the preponderance of evidence" from laboratory "in vitro" studies indicate that fluoride is a mutagenic compound. Many substances which are mutagens, are also carcinogens (i.e. they can cause cancer). As is typical for in vitro studies, the concentrations of fluoride that have generally been tested
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Fluoride's Mutagenicity: In vivo Studies
Consistent with dozens of in vitro studies, a number of in vivo studies, in both humans and animals, have found evidence of fluoride-induced genetic damage. In particular, research on humans exposed to high levels of fluoride have found increased levels of "sister chromatid exchange" (SCE). As noted in one study: "In
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NTP Bioassay on Fluoride/Cancer (1990)
In 1977, the U.S. Congress requested that animal studies be conducted to determine if fluoride can cause cancer. The result of the Congressional request was an extensive animal study conducted in the 1980s by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) and published in 1990. The main finding of NTP's study was a dose-dependent increase in osteosarcoma (bone cancer) among the fluoride-treated male rats.
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A Critique of Gelberg's Study on Fluoride/Osteosarcoma in New York
The case-control study by Gelberg, published first as a PhD dissertation and then later in two peer-reviewed journals, may represent the most substantive study on fluoride/osteosarcoma previous to Bassin’s 2001 analysis. In assessing Gelberg’s data, we were at first struck by the existence of several notable errors in both the thesis and papers. While these errors do raise questions about the study, our primary concern with Gelberg’s work relates to the methods she used to analyze her data.
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Fluoride/Osteosarcoma Link Is Biologically Plausible
The "biological plausiblility" of a fluoride-osteosarcoma link is widely acknowledged in the scientific literature. The biological plausibility centers around three facts: 1) Bone is the principal site of fluoride accumulation, particularly during the growth spurts of childhood; 2) Fluoride is a mutagen when present at sufficient concentrations, and 3) Fluoride can stimulate the proliferation of osteoblasts (bone-forming cells).
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