Abstract
Chronic exposure to fluoride causes dental and skeletal fluorosis. Fluoride exposure is also detrimental to soft tissues and organs. The present study aimed at evaluation of the effect of Ginkgo biloba and ascorbic acid on learning and memory deficits caused by fluoride exposure. Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n=6). Group 1 control. Groups 2 to 5 received 100 ppm of sodium fluoride over 30 days. Groups 3, 4 and 5 were further treated for 15 days receiving respectively 1% gum acacia solution, 100 mg/kg body weight ascorbic acid, and 100mg/kg body weight Ginkgo biloba extract. After 45 days, all animals were subjected to behavioural tests. The results showed that fluoride affected learning and memory. Fluoride causes oxidative stress and neurodegeneration, thereby affecting learning and memory. Ascorbic acid and Ginkgo biloba were found to augment the reversal of learning and memory deficits caused by fluoride ingestion.
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Fluoride, IQ, and advice on type I and II errors
A 38-year prospective study of 992 New Zealand children on fluoride (F) and IQ, of whom an uncertain number (0–101) had not received, at age 5 years, additional F with F tablets (taken: 139, not taken: 763, unknown: 90), community water fluoridation (CWF) (lived in CWF area: 891, never lived
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Neurobehavioral toxicity produced by sodium fluoride in drinking water of laboratory rats
The effect of exposure to different concentrations of sodium fluoride (Na-F) for different durations on learning and memory tasks in rats (non-associative and associative learning) was assessed in our study. Three groups of fifteen pregnant Wistar female rats each, were administered Na-F in drinking water at one of three concentrations;
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Systematic Review of Fluoride Exposure and Neurodevelopmental and Cognitive Health Effects.
BACKGROUND AND AIM: People of all ages are exposed to fluoride from a variety of sources including dental products, drinking water, food, beverages and pharmaceuticals. In some developed countries, fluoride is added to municipal water systems to prevent tooth decay. The National Toxicology Program (NTP) conducted a systematic review of
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Developmental neurotoxicity of fluoride: a quantitative risk analysis toward establishing a safe daily dose of fluoride for children
Background: A recent 2015 study from New Zealand indicated water fluoridation did not have an effect on children’s IQs. A 2012 meta-analysis showed that children with higher fluoride exposure have lower IQs than similar children with lower exposures. Levels of the fluoride ion (F) in blood and urine in children
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A comparative analysis of the results of multiple tests in patients with chronic industrial fluorosis
For this paper, X-rays, intelligence testing, fingernail fluorine content testing, electroencephalographs, and tests of nervous system symptoms and signs were performed on patients with chronic industrial fluorosis, as well as on workers who had worked in the same environment for shorter periods of time and were not diagnosed with industrial
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Fluoride's Effect on Fetal Brain
The human placenta does not prevent the passage of fluoride from a pregnant mother's bloodstream to the fetus. As a result, a fetus can be harmed by fluoride ingested pregnancy. Based on research from China, the fetal brain is one of the organs susceptible to fluoride poisoning. As highlighted by the excerpts
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Fluoride & IQ: 76 Studies
Note: See the Updated list of fluoride IQ studies at https://fluoridealert.org/researchers/fluoride-iq-studies/the-fluoride-iq-studies/ • As of July 18, 2022, a total of 85 human studies have investigated the relationship between fluoride and human intelligence. • Of these investigations, 76 studies have reported that elevated fluoride exposure is associated with reduced IQ in humans. • The studies
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Fluoride Affects Learning & Memory in Animals
An association between elevated fluoride exposure and reduced intelligence has now been observed in 65 IQ studies. Although a link between fluoride and intelligence might initially seem surprising or random, it is actually consistent with a large body of animal research. This animal research includes the following 45 studies (out
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NRC (2006): Fluoride's Neurotoxicity and Neurobehavioral Effects
The NRC's analysis on fluoride and the brain.
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Fluoride's Direct Effects on Brain: Animal Studies
The possibility that fluoride ingestion may impair intelligence and other indices of neurological function is supported by a vast body of animal research, including over 40 studies that have investigated fluoride's effects on brain quality in animals. As discussed by the National Research Council, the studies have consistently demonstrated that fluoride, at widely varying concentrations, is toxic to the brain.
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