Fluoride regulates the expression of extracellular matrix HSPG and related signaling pathways FGFR3 and Ihh/PTHrP feedback loop during endochondral ossification.

Highlights Fluoride promotes the expression of HSPG in growth plate of rats during endochondral ossification. Fluoride activates FGFR3 signaling pathway during endochondral ossification. Fluoride inhibits Ihh/PTHrP feedback loop during endochondral ossification. Abstract Fluoride promotes the expression of HSPG in growth plate of rats during endochondral ossification. Fluoride activates FGFR3 signaling pathway during endochondral ossification. Fluoride […]

Fluoride Induces Neuroinflammation and Alters Wnt Signaling Pathway in BV2 Microglial Cells.

Fluoride exposure increases IL-1B and TNF-a production and changes the cellular oxidation and antioxidation status [5, 19]. Neuroinflammation seems to be an important mediator of the effects of fluoride. Neuroinflammation, which is mediated by microglia, contributes to most pathological neurologic processes, including CNS infections, ischemic stroke, neurodegenerative disease, and anesthetic neurotoxicity. Increased pro-inflammatory mediator production […]