Abstract
The Intelligence Quotient (IQ) was measured in 118 children, aged 10-12 years, who were life-long residents in two villages of similar population size and social, educational and economic background but differing in the level of fluoride in drinking water. The children in the high-fluoride area (drinking water fluoride 3.15 ± 0.61 mg/L [ppm]) (mean ± S.D.) had higher urinary fluoride levels (4.99 ± 2.57 mg/L) than the children in the low-fluoride area (drinking water fluoride 0.37 ± 0.04 mg/L) (urinary fluoride 1.43 ± 0.64 mg/L). The IQ of the 60 children in the high-fluoride area was significantly lower, mean 92.27 ± 20.45, than that of the 58 children in the low-fluoride area, mean 103.05 ± 13.86. More children in the high-fluoride area, 21.6%, were in the retardation (<70) or borderline (70-79) categories of IQ than children in the low fluoride area, 3.4%. An inverse relationship was also present between IQ and the urinary fluoride level. Exposure of children to high levels of fluoride may therefore carry the risk of impaired development of intelligence.
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Effect of coal-burning endemic fluorosis on children's physical development and intellectual level
Objective To investigate the effect of coal-burning endemic fluorosis on children's physical development and intellectual level so as to provide data support for the protection of children's healthy growth in fluorosis areas. Methods Ninety children with coal-burning endemic fluorosis were selected for the study, which were divided into heavy fluorosis area group, middle
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A study of the intellectual ability of 8-14 year-old children in high fluoride, low iodine areas.
Wechsler Intelligence Test IQ scores of 160 children, 8–14 years old, from nine schools in an area of high fluoride and low iodine averaged 64.8 compared with 85.0 (p<0.01) for 169 children of the same ages from seven schools in an area with low iodine only. Among the first group
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Investigation on children’s growth and development under long-term fluoride exposure
Objective To study the influence on children’s growth by long-term high fluoride exposure. Methods Case group was selected in high fluoride areas and control group was selected in non-high fluoride areas. The difference of children’s growth levels were analyzed between 2 groups. Results The IQ of case group was significantly lower than that of control
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[Investigation of children’s intelligence quotient and dental fluorosis in drinking water-type of endemic fluorosis area in Pucheng county Shaanxi province before and after drinking water change].
Objective: To further understand the effect of anti—fluoride water on intellectual development of children and dental fluorosis in drinking water-type of endemic fluorosis area Pucheng county Shaanxi province. Methods: Two hundred 8 to 12 years old children were randomly selected in endemic fluorosis area with changed water or unchanged water, in
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Developmental fluoride neurotoxicity: a systematic review and meta-analysis
BACKGROUND: Although fluoride may cause neurotoxicity in animal models and acute fluoride poisoning causes neurotoxicity in adults, very little is known of its effects on children's neurodevelopment. OBJECTIVE: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies to investigate the effects of increased fluoride exposure and delayed neurobehavioral development. METHODS: We
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Fluoride & IQ: 76 Studies
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NRC (2006): Fluoride's Neurotoxicity and Neurobehavioral Effects
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Fluoride: Developmental Neurotoxicity.
Developmental Neurotoxicity There has been a tremendous amount of research done on the association of exposure to fluoride with developmental neurotoxicity. There are 78 studies reporting reduced IQ (75 studies with children and 3 studies with adults) and several on the impaired learning/memory in animals. And there are studies which link
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Fluoride's Effect on Fetal Brain
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