Abstract
This research work is carried out to evaluate fluoride (F) hydrogeochemistry and its effect on the population of two endemic villages of Birbhum district, West Bengal. Fluoride concentration in drinking water varies from 0.33 to 18.08 mg/L. Hydrogeochemical evolution suggests that ion-exchange mechanism is the major controlling factor for releasing F in the groundwater. Most of the groundwater samples are undersaturated with respect to calcite and fluorite. Health survey shows that out of 235 people, 142 people suffer from dental fluorosis. According to fluoride impact severity, almost 80 and 94 % people in an age group of 11–20 and 41–50 suffer from dental and skeletal fluorosis, respectively. Statistically drinking water F has a positive correlation with dental and skeletal fluorosis. Bone mineral density test reveals that 33 and 45 % of the studied population suffer from osteopenic and osteoporosis disease. IQ test also signifies that F has a bearing on the intelligence development of the study area school children. The existence of significant linear relationship (R 2 = 0.77) between drinking water F and urinary F suggests that consumption of F-contaminated drinking water has a major control over urinary F (0.39–20.1 mg/L) excretion.
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European Commission: Opinions on the 2011 SCHER report on fluoridation for the Layman
European Commission: Opinions on the 2011 SCHER report on fluoridation for the Layman About this publication on Fluoridation Online at https://ec.europa.eu/health/scientific_committees/opinions_layman/fluoridation/en/about.htm 1. Source for this Publication The texts in level 3 are directly sourced from “Critical review of any new evidence on the hazard profile, health effects, and human exposure to fluoride and the fluoridating
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Systematic review of epidemiological and toxicological evidence on health effects of fluoride in drinking water.
Introduction Fluoride is a naturally occurring substance that is also added to drinking water, dental hygiene products, and food supplements for preventing dental caries. Concerns have been raised about several other potential health risks of fluoride. Objective To conduct a robust synthesis of evidence regarding human health risks due to exposure to fluoride
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A comparative analysis of the results of multiple tests in patients with chronic industrial fluorosis
For this paper, X-rays, intelligence testing, fingernail fluorine content testing, electroencephalographs, and tests of nervous system symptoms and signs were performed on patients with chronic industrial fluorosis, as well as on workers who had worked in the same environment for shorter periods of time and were not diagnosed with industrial
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Blood lead of children in Wamiao-Xinhuai intelligence study (Letter).
As an additional part of our investigation of an association between fluoride in drinking water and children’s intelligence in two villages of Sihong County, Jiangsu Province, China, we have now determined blood lead levels of children in that study. Blood samples (80 ?L) were collected on June 18 and 19, 2003
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A comparative study of the IQ of children age 7-9 in a high and a low fluoride water city in Iran.
SUMMARY: Note from Fluoride Action Network: This is the same study that was published by the journal Journal of Dentistry and Oral Hygiene in 2011. A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of high and low fluoride (F) in the drinking water on the Intelligence Quotient (IQ) of young schoolchildren in two otherwise similar
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Fluoride Affects Learning & Memory in Animals
An association between elevated fluoride exposure and reduced intelligence has now been observed in 65 IQ studies. Although a link between fluoride and intelligence might initially seem surprising or random, it is actually consistent with a large body of animal research. This animal research includes the following 45 studies (out
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Fluoride & IQ: 76 Studies
Note: See the Updated list of fluoride IQ studies at https://fluoridealert.org/researchers/fluoride-iq-studies/the-fluoride-iq-studies/ • As of July 18, 2022, a total of 85 human studies have investigated the relationship between fluoride and human intelligence. • Of these investigations, 76 studies have reported that elevated fluoride exposure is associated with reduced IQ in humans. • The studies
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Fluoride's Effect on Fetal Brain
The human placenta does not prevent the passage of fluoride from a pregnant mother's bloodstream to the fetus. As a result, a fetus can be harmed by fluoride ingested pregnancy. Based on research from China, the fetal brain is one of the organs susceptible to fluoride poisoning. As highlighted by the excerpts
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"Pre-Skeletal" Fluorosis
As demonstrated by the studies below, skeletal fluorosis may produce adverse symptoms, including arthritic pains, clinical osteoarthritis, gastrointestinal disturbances, and bone fragility, before the classic bone change of fluorosis (i.e., osteosclerosis in the spine and pelvis) is detectable by x-ray. Relying on x-rays, therefore, to diagnosis skeletal fluorosis will invariably fail to protect those individuals who are suffering from the pre-skeletal phase of the disease. Moreover, some individuals with clinical skeletal fluorosis will not develop an increase in bone density, let alone osteosclerosis, of the spine. Thus, relying on unusual increases in spinal bone density will under-detect the rate of skeletal fluoride poisoning in a population.
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NRC (2006): Fluoride's Neurotoxicity and Neurobehavioral Effects
The NRC's analysis on fluoride and the brain.
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