Summary and Conclusions
Five cohorts totaling 2,509 children of the same age (7 years, 2 through 4 months), all with essentially the same postnatal exposure to optimally fluoridated water but with different patterns of prenatal exposure, were compared for prevalence of dental caries in their deciduous cuspids and molars and first permanent molars.
The data indicate that there were no meaningful additional benefits from the maternal ingestion of fluoridated water if the offspring also ingested the water from birth. The results cast serious doubts on the benefits to be derived from dietary supplements of fluoride to pregnant women.
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Prenatal Oral Health Care and Early Childhood Caries Prevention: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Despite the advancement of early childhood caries (ECC) prediction and treatment, ECC remains a significant public health burden in need of more effective preventive strategies. Pregnancy is an ideal period to promote ECC prevention given the profound influence of maternal oral health and behaviors on children's oral health. However, studies
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Prenatal and postnatal ingestion of fluorides: fourteen years of investigation -- final report*.
SUMMARY Data is presented showing that fluoride ingested by gravid women enters the maternal circulation, is stored in the placenta and passes through the placental barrier to enter the foetal blood supply. Evidence is presented that the fluoride in the foetal blood supply affects the developing teeth to make them more resistant
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No evidence that fluoride supplements taken during pregnancy prevent caries.
Data sources: Cochrane Oral Healths Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) Medline, Embase, LILACS BIREME Virtual Health Library CINAHL US National Institutes of Health Ongoing Trials Register (ClinicalTrials.gov) and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform databases. Study selection: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) including quasi-randomised
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A quantitative look at fluorosis, fluoride exposure, and intake in children using a health risk assessment approach
The prevalence of dental fluorosis in the United States has increased during the last 30 years. In this study, we used a mathematical model commonly employed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to estimate average daily intake offluoride via all applicable exposure pathways contributing to fluorosis risk for infants and children
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Fluoride Revolution and Dental Caries: Evolution of Policies for Global Use.
Epidemiological studies over 70 y ago provided the basis for the use of fluoride in caries prevention. They revealed the clear relation between water fluoride concentration, and therefore fluoride exposure, and prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis and dental caries. After successful trials, programs for water fluoridation were introduced, and
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Physician's Desk Reference: Fluoride Hypersensitivity
The following are excerpts from various editions of the Physicians' Desk Reference (PDR). "In hypersensitive individuals, fluorides occasionally cause skin eruptions such as atopic dermatitis, eczema or urticaria. Gastric distress, headache and weakness have also been reported. These hypersensitivity reactions usually disappear promptly after discontinuation of the fluoride. In rare cases,
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Prenatal and postnatal ingestion of fluorides - A progress report.
The cases described indicate that certain patients react unfavorably to fluoride therapy. Whether the fluorine acts as an allergen after short term use or whether the fluorine acts as an intoxicant after many months of use, is unknown and should be determined.
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Allergy to Fluoride
Six children and one adult exhibited various allergic reactions after the use of toothpaste and vitaimin preparations containing fluoride. The following conditions were encountered: Urticaria, exfoliative dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, stomatitis, gastro-intestinal and respiratory allergy.
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Another Fluoride Fatality: A Physician's Dilemma
Why do physicians fail to correctly evaluate the toxicity of fluoride? Most textbooks rely on the now outdated views of Smith and Hodge who 25 years ago designated 5 to 10 g of fluoride the fatal toxic dose.
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