Abstract
One-month old female Swiss albino mice were given 60 ppm and 120 ppm F– (from NaF) in their drinking water for 30 days to study effects of fluoride on neurotransmitter enzymes (AchE, BchE), anti-oxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT), and lipid peroxidation (MDA) in brain (hippocampus), liver, and gastrocnemius muscle. Activities of AchE and BchE showed a concentration-dependent decrease in all the tissues studied, which was highly significant in liver and muscles. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) also showed a significant concentration dependent decrease in all the tissues, which was highly significant for CAT at 120 ppm in liver and muscles. Malondialdehyde (MDA), however, showed a significant concentration dependent increase in gastrocnemius muscle, but in brain and liver it had an initial decrease at 60 ppm F– that changed to a significant increase at 120 ppm. Ascorbic acid exhibited significant concentration-dependent increases in all the tissues examined. Total protein showed a concentration dependent decrease in brain and muscles but an increase in liver. The results of the study indicate that elevated fluoride in drinking water affects not only mammalian neurotransmitter functions but also antioxidant systems.
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Attenuating effect of Vitamin E on the deficit of learning and memory of rats with chronic fluorosis: the mechanism may involve muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
The protective role of vitamin E (Vit E) against neurotoxicity induced by fluorosis was investigated by using Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats fed with 50 ppm fluoride in drinking water for 10 months. Spatial learning and memory of rats were measured by the Morris water maze test; the expressions of M1 and
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Effects of chronic fluorosis on CAMKIIA, C-FOS, BAX, and BCL-2 channel signalling in the hippocampus of rats
In this study, the neurotoxicity of fluoride (F) in the hippocampus of rats exposed to 15, 30, and 60 mg NaF/L in their drinking water for nine months was investigated. Compared with the control (<0.5 mg F/L), significant increases in the expression of calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II alpha (CaMKII?) (F=5.228, p<0.05)
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Proteomic analysis of hippocampus in offspring male mice exposed to fluoride and lead
Fluoride and lead are two common pollutants in the environment. Previous investigations have found that high fluoride exposure can increase the lead burden. In this experiment, in order to study on the molecular mechanisms of central neural system injury induced by the above two elements, differently expressed protein spots in
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[Effects of fluoride on SNAP-25 gene expression in rat hippocampus].
After the establishment of fluorosis animal model, the gene expression of SNAP-25 was detected in order to provide experimental data for nervous system injury induced by fluoride. The results showed that, compared with the de-ionized water group, SNAP-25 mRNA expression was significantly reduced by fluoride.
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[Effect of chronic fluorine poisoning on the expression of nNOS protein in Hippocampus of rats].
Objective To investigate the mechanism of chronic fluorine poisoning on hippocampus of rats. Methods The changes of positive nNOS expression in control group given drinking tap water,100 mg/L(low fluorine group),200 mg/L(high fluorine group),were observed by ABC immunohistochemisty. Results The expression of nNOS in the region of CA1, CA3 and dentate gyrus (DG)
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Fluoride & IQ: 67 Studies
As of May 2020, a total of 75 studies have investigated the relationship between fluoride and human intelligence. Of these investigations, 67 studies have found that elevated fluoride exposure is associated with reduced IQ in humans, while over 60 animal studies have found that fluoride exposure impairs the learning and/or
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NRC (2006): Fluoride's Neurotoxicity and Neurobehavioral Effects
The NRC's analysis on fluoride and the brain.
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Fluoride's Direct Effects on Brain: Animal Studies
The possibility that fluoride ingestion may impair intelligence and other indices of neurological function is supported by a vast body of animal research, including over 40 studies that have investigated fluoride's effects on brain quality in animals. As discussed by the National Research Council, the studies have consistently demonstrated that fluoride, at widely varying concentrations, is toxic to the brain.
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Fluoride's Effect on Fetal Brain
The human placenta does not prevent the passage of fluoride from a pregnant mother's bloodstream to the fetus. As a result, a fetus can be harmed by fluoride ingested pregnancy. Based on research from China, the fetal brain is one of the organs susceptible to fluoride poisoning. As highlighted by the excerpts
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Fluoride: Developmental Neurotoxicity.
Developmental Neurotoxicity There has been a tremendous amount of research done on the association of exposure to fluoride with developmental neurotoxicity. There are over 60 studies reporting reduced IQ in children and several on the impaired learning/memory in animals. And there are studies which link fluoride to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Teaching
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