Abstract
Since clinical case reports suggest that sodium fluoride (NaF) intoxication may impair learning and memory, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of NaF on two memory tasks: open-field habituation and two-way active avoidance. Adult male rats were exposed to NaF in drinking water at three concentrations for 30 days: 1.54 (control, tap water), 50 and 100 ppm NaF (corresponding to an intake of 0.10+/-0.005, 5.15+/-0.14, and 10.77+/-0.39 mg/kg of NaF, respectively). At day 30, the rats were placed in an open-field and retested after 24 h (test session) to measure habituation. In the two-way active avoidance task, another three groups of rats were trained in a 30-trial training session and tested again 24 h later (test session). Dental fluorosis was also evaluated. Habituation was impaired by 50 and 100 ppm, but not by 1.54 ppm NaF. Moreover, 100 ppm NaF reduced the number of avoidance responses in the active avoidance task. No locomotor impairment was observed. Mild dental fluorosis in rat incisor teeth was found in the 50 and 100 ppm NaF groups. Overall, these results suggest that moderate intoxication with sodium fluoride has potentially deleterious effects on learning and memory.
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Thyroid function, intelligence, and low-moderate fluoride exposure among Chinese school-age children.
Highlights Low-moderate fluoride was related to alterations in childhood thyroid function. Fluoride exposure was associated with a decrease in children’s intelligence. TT3, FT3 were positively related to the odds of developing high normal intelligence. TSH may modify the association of fluoride with children’s intelligence. Background: Thyroid hormones (THs) are critical for
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Effect of fluoride in drinking water on dental caries and IQ in children.
The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of fluoride exposure on the prevalence of dental caries and the intellectual ability of children. Method: In this cross-sectional study, 161 children from 9 to 10 years of age were evaluated. The concentration of fluoride in drinking water and urine was
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A cross-sectional study to assess the intelligence quotient (IQ) of school going children aged 10-12 years in villages of Mysore district, India with different fluoride levels.
Introduction: Besides dental and skeletal fluorosis, excessive fluoride intake can also affect the central nervous system without first causing the physical deformities associated with skeletal fluorosis. With the existence of widespread endemic fluorosis in India, the possible adverse effect of elevated fluoride in drinking water on the Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
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Effects of high iodine and high fluorine on children’s intelligence and thyroid function.
Objective: Try to find out the effects of high iodine and high fluorine on children’s intelligence and thyroid function. Methods: We selected in Qingyun County the Lidian Primary School, where the iodine and fluorine in the water are relatively high in concentration as the investigative point and Dading Primary School where the iodine and
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Learning and memory obstacles and changes in brain tissue growth inhibitors from brick tea fluoride and aluminum poisoning of rats
Objective: Explore the active mechanisms of growth inhibitors (somatostatin, SS) participating in learning and memory obstacles from brick tea fluoride and aluminum poisoning of rats. Method: Based on the tea-drinking habits of herders, a rat chronic brick tea fluoride and aluminum poisoning animal model was established, and randomly divided into
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Fluoride & IQ: 76 Studies
Note: See the Updated list of fluoride IQ studies at https://fluoridealert.org/researchers/fluoride-iq-studies/the-fluoride-iq-studies/ • As of July 18, 2022, a total of 85 human studies have investigated the relationship between fluoride and human intelligence. • Of these investigations, 76 studies have reported that elevated fluoride exposure is associated with reduced IQ in humans. • The studies
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Fluoride Affects Learning & Memory in Animals
An association between elevated fluoride exposure and reduced intelligence has now been observed in 65 IQ studies. Although a link between fluoride and intelligence might initially seem surprising or random, it is actually consistent with a large body of animal research. This animal research includes the following 45 studies (out
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Fluoride's Direct Effects on Brain: Animal Studies
The possibility that fluoride ingestion may impair intelligence and other indices of neurological function is supported by a vast body of animal research, including over 40 studies that have investigated fluoride's effects on brain quality in animals. As discussed by the National Research Council, the studies have consistently demonstrated that fluoride, at widely varying concentrations, is toxic to the brain.
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Fluoride's Effect on Fetal Brain
The human placenta does not prevent the passage of fluoride from a pregnant mother's bloodstream to the fetus. As a result, a fetus can be harmed by fluoride ingested pregnancy. Based on research from China, the fetal brain is one of the organs susceptible to fluoride poisoning. As highlighted by the excerpts
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NRC (2006): Fluoride's Neurotoxicity and Neurobehavioral Effects
The NRC's analysis on fluoride and the brain.
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