Abstract
Fluoride can induce neurotoxicity, but the mechanism is not clear. In this study, we explored the role of autophagy in F–-induced neurotoxicity of Wistar rats. Eighty Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: the control group (distilled water containing less than 0.1 mg/L F–) and three NaF-treated groups (F– was respectively administered at 25, 50, and 100 mg/L orally via drinking water). The water maze experiment showed that NaF exposure impaired the learning capabilities of the rats. When compared with the control group, the mean escape latency of the rats in the 100 mg/L F– group was much longer (P?<?0.05). Immunohistochemical analysis showed that NaF exposure induced autophagy, as shown by the significant increase of Beclin-1 expression in the hippocampal CA1 region and DG region. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrastructural changes of hippocampal neurons. With the increase of F– concentration, the ultrastructural abnormalities of hippocampal neurons increased. These results indicate that fluoride can impair the learning ability of rats, which may be related to the induction of autophagy in rat hippocampal neurons.
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[Effects of fluoride on neural cell adhesion molecules mRNA and protein expression levels in primary rat hippocampal neurons].
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of fluoride on the growth and viability, and mRNA and protein expression levels of neural cell adhesion molecules (NCAM) in primary rat hippocampal neurons. METHODS: The growth and development, the rate of cell survivor, and the mRNA and protein expression levels of NCAM were measured by
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Effect of selenium on fluoride-induced changes in synaptic plasticity in rat hippocampus.
This study was conducted to further explore the effect of selenium on fluoride-induced changes in the synaptic plasticity in rat hippocampus. Animals were randomly divided into control group, F group (sodium fluoride: 50 mg/L), three Se groups (sodium selenite: 0.375, 0.75, and 1.5 mg/L), and three F?+?Se groups (sodium fluoride: 50 mg/L; sodium
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Detrimental Effects of Sodium Fluoride on the Expression of Insulin Receptor in the Olfactory Bulb and Hippocampus of Male Mice.
Fluoride exposure is associated with lowered cognitive function ability, intelligence quotient, and mental decline, especially in children. The brain insulin receptor (IR) signaling system is related to neuronal plasticity and consequent cognitive ability. In our previous study, NaF exposure decreased IR expressions in olfactory bulb (OB) and hippocampus after Y-maze
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Effects of flouride on region of hippocampus in adult albino rats.
The pilot study is conducted using 30 adult albino rats (200-250gm). They were divided into one control and one experimental group. Group 1 is Control (Ctrl), which received food and water ad-libitum, experimental group received, 20 ppm of sodium fluoride (NaF) for 7 weeks. The body weights and physical activity
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Fluoride Stimulates Anxiety- and Depression-like Behaviors Associated with SIK2-CRTC1 Signaling Dysfunction.
Using Sprague-Dawley rats and rat PC12 cells treated with sodium fluoride (NaF), we investigated the effects of SIK2-CRTC1 signaling on the neurobehavioral toxicity induced by fluoride. The in vivo results demonstrated that NaF treatment induced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in juvenile rats, resulting in histological and ultrastructural abnormalities in the
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Fluoride's Effect on Fetal Brain
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NRC (2006): Fluoride's Neurotoxicity and Neurobehavioral Effects
The NRC's analysis on fluoride and the brain.
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Fluoride's Direct Effects on Brain: Animal Studies
The possibility that fluoride ingestion may impair intelligence and other indices of neurological function is supported by a vast body of animal research, including over 40 studies that have investigated fluoride's effects on brain quality in animals. As discussed by the National Research Council, the studies have consistently demonstrated that fluoride, at widely varying concentrations, is toxic to the brain.
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Fluoride: Developmental Neurotoxicity.
Developmental Neurotoxicity There has been a tremendous amount of research done on the association of exposure to fluoride with developmental neurotoxicity. There are over 60 studies reporting reduced IQ in children and several on the impaired learning/memory in animals. And there are studies which link fluoride to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Teaching
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